ArticleCirculation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes2012
Association of cardiorespiratory fitness with total, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality across 3 decades of follow-up in men and women.
Article in Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The effects of high-intensity interval training on physical fitness and physiological responses in taekwondo athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Pooled it
- Physiological and Psychological Responses during Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training Sessions with Different Work-Recovery Durations.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2019Trial
- Effect of Vitamin D supplementation on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight men-a randomized controlled trial.Endocrine · 2018Trial
- Commercially available lifestyle modification program: randomized controlled trial addressing heart and bone health in BRCA1/2+ breast cancer survivors after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2017Trial
- Inorganic phosphate: a link between processed food and exercise intolerance in the modern world.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2026Review
- Longitudinal change in cardiorespiratory fitness and the association with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in young Asian men: a cohort study.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2024Article
- Coronary risk equivalence of diabetes assessed by SPECT-MPI.Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology · 2019Article
- Patient preference and timing for exercise in breast cancer care.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2018Article
- Normative Values for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Testing Among US Children Aged 6-11 years.Pediatric exercise science · 2017Article
- Adolescent Trajectories of Aerobic Fitness and Adiposity as Markers of Cardiometabolic Risk in Adulthood.Journal of obesity · 2017Article
- Physical activity initiated by employer and its health effects; an eight week follow-up study.BMC public health · 2016Article
- Physiological geroscience: targeting function to increase healthspan and achieve optimal longevity.The Journal of physiology · 2016Review
- Vascular Ageing and Exercise: Focus on Cellular Reparative Processes.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2016Review
- Effects of Organized Physical Activity on Selected Health Indices among Women Older than 55 Years.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2015Article
- Rationale and design of the Henry Ford Exercise Testing Project (the FIT project).Clinical cardiology · 2014Article
- Prediction of 30-year risk for cardiovascular mortality by fitness and risk factor levels: the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2014Article
- Exercise as a vital sign: a quasi-experimental analysis of a health system intervention to collect patient-reported exercise levels.Journal of general internal medicine · 2014Article
- Increased predictive ability of BMI but not other risk factors with time in men: 39-year follow-up of total mortality in the Oslo Study.Obesity facts · 2014Article
- The transcultural diabetes nutrition algorithm: a canadian perspective.International journal of endocrinology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe inverse, dose-dependent association between cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality is well-established; however, the pattern of the association between low fitness and mortality across short- (0 to 10 years), intermediate- (10 to 20 years), and long-term (>20 years) follow-up has not been studied. METHODS AND
resultsWe included 46 575 men and 16 151 women (mean age 44 years) from the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. Participants were categorized as either "low fit" or "not low fit," based on age- and sex- adjusted treadmill times, and were followed for mortality, determined from the National Death Index. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to compare the association between fitness and traditional risk factors, with mortality outcomes across short-, intermediate-, and long-term follow-up. After a median follow-up of 16 years, there were 1295 cardiovascular disease and 2840 noncardiovascular disease deaths. Low fitness was associated with all-cause mortality across all periods in men [0 to 10 years: hazard ratios (HR), 1.99 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.66 to 2.40); 10 to 20 years: HR, 1.61 (95% CI, 1.41 to 1.84); and >20 years: HR, 1.42 (95% CI, 1.27 to 1.60)] and in women [0 to 10 years: HR, 1.98 (95% CI, 1.27 to 3.10); 10 to 20 years: HR, 1.90 (95% CI, 1.40 to 2.56); and >20 years: HR, 1.54 (95% CI, 1.15 to 2.07)]. Similar results were seen for both cardiovascular disease and noncardiovascular disease mortality. Although these associations were also consistent across most subgroups, low fitness appeared to be most strongly associated with mortality in the short term among individuals at highest short-term risk (ie, older age, abnormal exercise test).
conclusionsSimilar to traditional risk factors, fitness is associated with mortality across short-, intermediate-, and long-term follow-up.
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