ArticleBritish journal of cancer2012
PPARgamma inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma metastases in vitro and in mice.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cancer risk for patients using thiazolidinediones for type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.The oncologist · 2013Pooled it
- Communicative reprogramming non-curative hepatocellular carcinoma with low-dose metronomic chemotherapy, COX-2 inhibitor and PPAR-gamma agonist: a phase II trial.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2017Trial
- From diabetes to tumor growth: unravelling the impact of glucose-lowering therapies.Endocrine · 2026Review
- PPARγ, a key modulator of metabolic reprogramming, stemness and chemoresistance associated with retrodifferentiation in human hepatocellular carcinomas.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Review
- PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone and the risks of malignancy among type2 diabetes mellitus patients.Acta diabetologica · 2025Article
- Diverting hepatic lipid fluxes with lifestyles revision and pharmacological interventions as a strategy to tackle steatotic liver disease (SLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Nutrition & metabolism · 2024Review
- Isorhamnetin exerts anti-tumor activity in DEN + CClMedical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2023Article
- Key Members of the CmPn as Biomarkers Distinguish Histological and Immune Subtypes of Hepatic Cancers.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the tumor microenvironment, tumor cell metabolism, and anticancer therapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Review
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma as a therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma: Experimental and clinical scenarios.World journal of gastroenterology · 2022Review
- Renal Cell Cancer and Obesity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Article
- Modulatory effect of euxanthone in liver cancer-bearing obese mice: crosstalk between PPARγ and TIMP3 signalling axes.3 Biotech · 2021Article
- Alteration of PPAR-GAMMA (PPARG; PPARγ) and PTEN gene expression in acute myeloid leukemia patients and the promising anticancer effects of PPARγ stimulation using pioglitazone on AML cells.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2021Article
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ, but Not α or G-Protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor Drives Functioning of Postnatal Boar Testis-Next Generation Sequencing Analysis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Epigenetic derepression converts PPARγ into a druggable target in triple-negative and endocrine-resistant breast cancers.Cell death discovery · 2021Article
- PPARs as Metabolic Sensors and Therapeutic Targets in Liver Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe have previously demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) activation inhibits hepatocarcinogenesis. We aim to investigate the effect of PPARγ on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastatic potential and explore its underlying mechanisms.
methodsHuman HCC cells (MHCC97L, BEL-7404) were infected with adenovirus-expressing PPARγ (Ad-PPARγ) or Ad-lacZ and treated with or without PPARγ agonist (rosiglitazone). The effects of PPARγ on cell migration and invasive activity were determined by wound healing assay and Matrigel invasive model in vitro, and in an orthotopic liver tumour metastatic model in mice.
resultsPronounced expression of PPARγ was demonstrated in HCC cells (MHCC97L, BEL-7404) treated with Ad-PPARγ, rosiglitazone or Ad-PPARγ plus rosiglitazone, compared with control (Ad-LacZ). Such induction markedly suppressed HCC cell migration. Moreover, the invasiveness of MHCC97L and BEL-7404 cells infected with Ad-PPARγ, or treated with rosiglitazone was significantly diminished up to 60%. Combination of Ad-PPARγ and rosiglitazone showed an additive effect. Activation of PPARγ by rosiglitazone significantly reduced the incidence and severity of lung metastasis in an orthotopic HCC mouse model. Key mechanisms underlying the effect of PPARγ in HCC include upregulation of cell adhesion genes, E-cadherin and SYK (spleen tyrosine kinase), extracellular matrix regulator tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP) 3, tumour suppressor gene retinoblastoma 1, and downregulation of pro-metastatic genes MMP9 (matrix metallopeptidase 9), MMP13, HPSE (heparanase), and Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Direct transcriptional regulation of TIMP3, MMP9, MMP13, and HPSE by PPARγ was shown by ChIP-PCR.
conclusionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma exerts an inhibitory effect on the invasive and metastatic potential of HCC in vitro and in vivo, and is thus, a target for the prevention and treatment of HCC metastases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.