SynthesisMolecular psychiatry2013
A mega-analysis of genome-wide association studies for major depressive disorder.
Synthesis in Molecular psychiatry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 604 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
604 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,159 citations in OpenAlex.
- The predictive value of polygenic risk scores for depression in gene-environment interaction studies: a systematic review.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Epigenetics of bipolar disorder: a bibliometric landscape and visualization analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Reconstructing SNP allele and genotype frequencies from GWAS summary statistics.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Transethnic meta-analysis of exome-wide variants identifies new loci associated with male-specific metabolic syndrome.Genes & genomics · 2022Pooled it
- The role of rs242941, rs1876828, rs242939 and rs110402 polymorphisms of CRHR1 gene and the depression: systematic review and meta-analysis.Genes & genomics · 2021Pooled it
- Differential and spatial expression meta-analysis of genes identified in genome-wide association studies of depression.Translational psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Genome-wide association studies of antidepressant class response and treatment-resistant depression.Translational psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Association Analysis Between Common Variants of theGenetic testing and molecular biomarkers · 2020Pooled it
- Common genetic risk variants identified in the SPARK cohort support DDHD2 as a candidate risk gene for autism.Translational psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Neuropsychological and Psychiatric Features of Children and Adolescents Affected With Mitochondrial Diseases: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- A resting state fMRI analysis pipeline for pooling inference across diverse cohorts: an ENIGMA rs-fMRI protocol.Brain imaging and behavior · 2019Pooled it
- Genome-wide Burden of Rare Short Deletions Is Enriched in Major Depressive Disorder in Four Cohorts.Biological psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Systems Approach to Identify Common Genes and Pathways Associated with Response to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Major Depression Risk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Pooled it
- Genome-wide meta-analysis of depression identifies 102 independent variants and highlights the importance of the prefrontal brain regions.Nature neuroscience · 2019Pooled it
- Genetics of major depressive disorder in a homogeneous population with uniform phenotyping.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Genetic architectures of brain-related traits are shaped by strong selective constraints.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The Omnicausal Model Reveals the Highly Polyfactorial Nature of Complex Diseases.Genetic epidemiology · 2026Article
- Joint Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Genetic Burden of Depression on Multiple Depressive Symptoms.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2026Article
- Genetic susceptibility to depressive symptoms in middle-aged to older Americans: time-varying effects and effect modification by early psychosocial factors.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
544 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
117 authors at 20 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Prior genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of major depressive disorder (MDD) have met with limited success. We sought to increase statistical power to detect disease loci by conducting a GWAS mega-analysis for MDD. In the MDD discovery phase, we analyzed more than 1.2 million autosomal and X chromosome single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 18 759 independent and unrelated subjects of recent European ancestry (9240 MDD cases and 9519 controls). In the MDD replication phase, we evaluated 554 SNPs in independent samples (6783 MDD cases and 50 695 controls). We also conducted a cross-disorder meta-analysis using 819 autosomal SNPs with P<0.0001 for either MDD or the Psychiatric GWAS Consortium bipolar disorder (BIP) mega-analysis (9238 MDD cases/8039 controls and 6998 BIP cases/7775 controls). No SNPs achieved genome-wide significance in the MDD discovery phase, the MDD replication phase or in pre-planned secondary analyses (by sex, recurrent MDD, recurrent early-onset MDD, age of onset, pre-pubertal onset MDD or typical-like MDD from a latent class analyses of the MDD criteria). In the MDD-bipolar cross-disorder analysis, 15 SNPs exceeded genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10(-8)), and all were in a 248 kb interval of high LD on 3p21.1 (chr3:52 425 083-53 822 102, minimum P=5.9 × 10(-9) at rs2535629). Although this is the largest genome-wide analysis of MDD yet conducted, its high prevalence means that the sample is still underpowered to detect genetic effects typical for complex traits. Therefore, we were unable to identify robust and replicable findings. We discuss what this means for genetic research for MDD. The 3p21.1 MDD-BIP finding should be interpreted with caution as the most significant SNP did not replicate in MDD samples, and genotyping in independent samples will be needed to resolve its status.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.