ArticleBritish journal of pharmacology2012
Effects of flavocoxid, a dual inhibitor of COX and 5-lipoxygenase enzymes, on benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Article in British journal of pharmacology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Curcumin for the Treatment of Prostate Diseases: A Systematic Review of Controlled Clinical Trials.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Pooled it
- RETRACTION: COOxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2026Article
- RETRACTED: Vaccaro et al. Differential Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms nNOS and iNOS in Patients with Non-Segmental Generalized Vitiligo.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Common salt aggravated pathology of testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in adult male Wistar rat.BMC urology · 2023Article
- Cyclooxygenase-2 activates EGFR-ERK1/2 pathway via PGE2-mediated ADAM-17 signaling in testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Article
- Enhancing date seed phenolic bioaccessibility in soft cheese through a dehydrated liposome delivery system and its effect on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Review
- Curcuma oil ameliorates benign prostatic hyperplasia through suppression of the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway in rats.Journal of ethnopharmacology · 2021Article
- Pharmacological Effects and Potential Clinical Usefulness of Polyphenols in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Immunomodulatory effect of diallyl sulfide on experimentally-induced benign prostate hyperplasia via the suppression of CD4+T/IL-17 and TGF-β1/ERK pathways.Inflammopharmacology · 2020Article
- Modulatory Effect of Silymarin on Apoptosis in Testosterone -Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2020Article
- Detection of Prostatic Inflammation From Peripheral Lymphocyte Count and Free/Total PSA Ratio in Men With LUTS/BPH.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
- Effects of different natural extracts in an experimental model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2018Article
- Prostatic inflammation: a potential treatment target for male LUTS due to benign prostatic obstruction.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2018Review
- Flavocoxid, a Natural Antioxidant, Protects Mouse Kidney from Cadmium-Induced Toxicity.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2018Article
- Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Kelong-Capsule on Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2018Article
- New Hydroxycinnamic Acid Esters as Novel 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitors That Affect Leukotriene Biosynthesis.Mediators of inflammation · 2017Article
- Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Could Dietary Polyphenols Be an Alternative to Existing Therapies?Frontiers in pharmacology · 2017Review
- Inflammatory mediators in the development and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia.Nature reviews. Urology · 2016Review
- New medical treatments for lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia and future perspectives.BMC urology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2023-06-02Duplication of/in Image · Manipulation of Images ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeInflammation plays a key role in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Eicosanoids derived from the COX and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathways are elevated in the enlarging prostate. Flavocoxid is a novel flavonoid-based 'dual inhibitor' of the COX and 5-LOX enzymes. This study evaluated the effects of flavocoxid in experimental BPH. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Rats were treated daily with testosterone propionate (3 mg·kg(-1) s.c.) or its vehicle for 14 days to induce BPH. Animals receiving testosterone were randomized to receive vehicle (1 mL·kg(-1) , i.p.) or flavocoxid (20 mg·kg(-1) , i.p.) for 14 days. Histological changes, eicosanoid content and mRNA and protein levels for apoptosis-related proteins and growth factors were assayed in prostate tissue. The effects of flavocoxid were also tested on human prostate carcinoma PC3 cells. KEY
resultsFlavocoxid reduced prostate weight and hyperplasia, blunted inducible expression of COX-2 and 5-LOX as well as the increased production of PGE(2) and leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4) ), enhanced pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-9 and decreased the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 mRNA. Flavocoxid also reduced EGF and VEGF expression. In PC3 cells, flavocoxid stimulated apoptosis and inhibited growth factor expression. Flavocoxid-mediated induction of apoptosis was inhibited by the pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, in PC3 cells, suggesting an essential role of caspases in flavocoxid-mediated apoptosis during prostatic growth. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Our results show that a 'dual inhibitor' of the COX and 5-LOX enzymes, such as flavocoxid, might represent a rational approach to reduce BPH through modulation of eicosanoid production and a caspase-induced apoptotic mechanism.
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Registered trials
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