ArticleBMC cancer2012
Androgen receptor expression predicts breast cancer survival: the role of genetic and epigenetic events.
Article in BMC cancer, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Androgen receptor, EGFR, and BRCA1 as biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer: a meta-analysis.BioMed research international · 2015Pooled it
- The impact of androgen receptor expression on breast cancer survival: a retrospective study and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- Multi-omics analysis reveals AR as a potential prognostic factor and immune-related therapeutic target in gastric cancer.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Dysregulated miRNA Expression and Androgen Receptor Loss in Racially Distinct Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Androgen Receptor as an Emerging Feasible Biomarker for Breast Cancer.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Review
- Genome-wide methylation profiles in monozygotic twins with discordance for ovarian carcinoma.Oncology letters · 2020Article
- Computational analysis of androgen receptor (AR) variants to decipher the relationship between protein stability and related-diseases.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Role of androgen receptor expression in early stage ER+/PgR-/HER2- breast cancer.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2020Article
- Quadruple Negative Breast Cancers (QNBC) Demonstrate Subtype Consistency among Primary and Recurrent or Metastatic Breast Cancer.Translational oncology · 2019Article
- Gene-specific methylation profiles inOncotarget · 2018Article
- Article
- Targeting Androgen Receptor in Treating HER2 Positive Breast Cancer.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Androgen and AR contribute to breast cancer development and metastasis: an insight of mechanisms.Oncogene · 2017Article
- Strategies to avoid treatment-induced lineage crisis in advanced prostate cancer.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2017Review
- Androgen receptor is a potential novel prognostic marker and oncogenic target in osteosarcoma with dependence on CDK11.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- A Tale of Two Signals: AR and WNT in Development and Tumorigenesis of Prostate and Mammary Gland.Cancers · 2017Review
- Identification of Biomarkers for Breast Cancer Using Databases.Journal of cancer prevention · 2016Review
- Expression of Androgen Receptor in Estrogen Receptor-positive Breast Cancer.Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreast cancer outcome, including response to therapy, risk of metastasis and survival, is difficult to predict using currently available methods, highlighting the urgent need for more informative biomarkers. Androgen receptor (AR) has been implicated in breast carcinogenesis however its potential to be an informative biomarker has yet to be fully explored. In this study, AR protein levels were determined in a cohort of 73 Grade III invasive breast ductal adenocarcinomas.
methodsThe levels of Androgen receptor protein in a cohort of breast tumour samples was determined by immunohistochemistry and the results were compared with clinical characteristics, including survival. The role of defects in the regulation of Androgen receptor gene expression were examined by mutation and methylation screening of the 5' end of the gene, reporter assays of the 5' and 3' end of the AR gene, and searching for miRNAs that may regulate AR gene expression.
resultsAR was expressed in 56% of tumours and expression was significantly inversely associated with 10-year survival (P = 0.004). An investigation into the mechanisms responsible for the loss of AR expression revealed that hypermethylation of the AR promoter is associated with loss of AR expression in breast cancer cells but not in primary breast tumours. In AR negative breast tumours, mutation screening identified the same mutation (T105A) in the 5'UTR of two AR negative breast cancer patients but not reported in the normal human population. Reporter assay analysis of this mutation however found no evidence for a negative impact on AR 5'UTR activity. The role of miR-124 in regulating AR expression was also investigated, however no evidence for this was found.
conclusionThis study highlights the potential for AR expression to be an informative biomarker for breast cancer survival and sets the scene for a more comprehensive investigation of the molecular basis of this phenomenon.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.