ArticleBMC psychiatry2012
Altered monocyte activation markers in Tourette's syndrome: a case-control study.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral Blood Monocytes as Biomarkers of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Pooled it
- Profiles of Proinflammatory Cytokines and T Cells in Patients With Tourette Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- The usefulness of immunotherapy in pediatric neurodegenerative disorders: A systematic review of literature data.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2015Pooled it
- Cytokine expression profiles in children and adolescents with tic disorders.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, PANDAS, and Tourette Syndrome: Immuno-inflammatory Disorders.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Review
- Review
- Transcriptome-wide association study reveals increased neuronal FLT3 expression is associated with Tourette's syndrome.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Cytokine profile of pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive and/or movement disorder symptoms: A review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Review
- Immunological Dysfunction in Tourette Syndrome and Related Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Changes of Cytokines in Children With Tic Disorder.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- What Does Immunology Have to Do With Normal Brain Development and the Pathophysiology Underlying Tourette Syndrome and Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders?Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
- Immunoglobulin A Dysgammaglobulinemia Is Associated with Pediatric-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2019Article
- Immunity in Gilles de la Tourette-Syndrome: Results From a Cerebrospinal Fluid Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2019Article
- Cytokine, chemokine and BDNF levels in medication-free pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2018Article
- Inflammatory dysregulation of monocytes in pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2017Article
- Histamine regulation of microglia: Gene-environment interaction in the regulation of central nervous system inflammation.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2016Article
- Cytokine correlations in youth with tic disorders.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2015Article
- Immune-mediated animal models of Tourette syndrome.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2013Review
- Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS): An Evolving Concept.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInfections and immunological processes are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of Tourette's syndrome (TS). To determine possible common underlying immunological mechanisms, we focused on innate immunity and studied markers of inflammation, monocytes, and monocyte-derived cytokines.
methodsIn a cross-sectional study, we used current methods to determine the number of monocytes and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in 46 children, adolescents, and adult patients suffering from TS and in 43 healthy controls matched for age and sex. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), soluble CD14 (sCD14), IL1-receptor antagonist (IL1-ra), and serum neopterin were detected by immunoassays.
resultsWe found that CRP and neopterin levels and the number of monocytes were significantly higher in TS patients than in healthy controls. Serum concentrations of TNF-alpha, sIL1-ra, and sCD14 were significantly lower in TS patients. All measured values were within normal ranges and often close to detection limits.
conclusionsThe present results point to a monocyte dysregulation in TS. This possible dysbalance in innate immunity could predispose to infections or autoimmune reactions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.