ArticlePloS one2012
Increased incidence and clinical picture of childhood narcolepsy following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic vaccination campaign in Finland.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02832336 (The Effect of Caffeine on the Narcoleptic Patients Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 147 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Caffeine on the Narcoleptic Patients Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Who cites it
147 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Mignot and Yanagisawa win Lasker prize for discovery of the role of orexins in wake, sleep, and narcolepsy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Article
- Age at Onset and Delays in Diagnosis of Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence Over the Past 30 Years.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Drug Interactions With Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Treatments.The Journal of pharmacy technology : jPT : official publication of the Association of Pharmacy Technicians · 2026Review
- Cytokines in narcolepsy type 1: pathogenic relevance, biomarker potential, and future directions.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- Advances in vaccine adjuvant development and future perspectives.Drug delivery · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Review of Current and Emerging Treatments for Narcolepsy Type 1.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- A Dialogue about Vaccine Side Effects: Understanding Difficult Pandemic Experiences.The Journal of medical humanities · 2025Article
- How do large-scale population studies inform vaccine evaluations in England?Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Review
- The Role of T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Narcolepsy Type 1: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- HLA-DQB1*05 subtypes and not DRB1*10:01 mediates risk in anti-IgLON5 disease.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Characterization of the Increase in Narcolepsy following the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic in Sweden.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Epidemiology, patient characteristics, and treatment patterns of patients with narcolepsy in Sweden: a non-interventional study using secondary data.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2024Article
- Adjuvants in COVID-19 vaccines: innocent bystanders or culpable abettors for stirring up COVID-heart syndrome.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2024Review
- Article
- Exploring the Literature on Narcolepsy: Insights into the Sleep Disorder That Strikes during the Day.NeuroSci · 2023Review
- Larger hypothalamic volume in narcolepsy type 1.Sleep · 2023Article
- Neurologic Complications With Vaccines: What We Know, What We Don't, and What We Should Do.Neurology · 2023Article
87 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNarcolepsy is a rare neurological sleep disorder especially in children who are younger than 10 years. In the beginning of 2010, an exceptionally large number of Finnish children suffered from an abrupt onset of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and cataplexy. Therefore, we carried out a systematic analysis of the incidence of narcolepsy in Finland between the years 2002-2010.
methodsAll Finnish hospitals and sleep clinics were contacted to find out the incidence of narcolepsy in 2010. The national hospital discharge register from 2002 to 2009 was used as a reference.
findingsAltogether 335 cases (all ages) of narcolepsy were diagnosed in Finland during 2002-2009 giving an annual incidence of 0.79 per 100,000 inhabitants (95% confidence interval 0.62-0.96). The average annual incidence among subjects under 17 years of age was 0.31 (0.12-0.51) per 100,000 inhabitants. In 2010, 54 children under age 17 were diagnosed with narcolepsy (5.3/100,000; 17-fold increase). Among adults ≥20 years of age the incidence rate in 2010 was 0.87/100,000, which equals that in 2002-2009. Thirty-four of the 54 children were HLA-typed, and they were all positive for narcolepsy risk allele DQB1*0602/DRB1*15. 50/54 children had received Pandemrix vaccination 0 to 242 days (median 42) before onset. All 50 had EDS with abnormal multiple sleep latency test (sleep latency <8 min and ≥2 sleep onset REM periods). The symptoms started abruptly. Forty-seven (94%) had cataplexy, which started at the same time or soon after the onset of EDS. Psychiatric symptoms were common. Otherwise the clinical picture was similar to that described in childhood narcolepsy.
interpretationA sudden increase in the incidence of abrupt childhood narcolepsy was observed in Finland in 2010. We consider it likely that Pandemrix vaccination contributed, perhaps together with other environmental factors, to this increase in genetically susceptible children.
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