ArticlePloS one2012
Characterization of rhodamine-123 as a tracer dye for use in in vitro drug transport assays.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 178 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Elacridar Reverses P-gp-Mediated Drug Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Cells in 2D and 3D Culture Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Charge Transfer Reactions (PDT Reaction I) Induced at 1064 nm (NIR-II) between Rhodamines and Folic Acid as the Basis for Biphotonic Photodynamic Therapy.Journal of fluorescence · 2025Article
- How Do Organelle-Targeting Nanotherapeutics Treat Inflammatory Diseases? A Comprehensive Review of the Literature.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Engineering pH and Temperature-Triggered Drug Release with Metal-Organic Frameworks and Fatty Acids.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Competitive Counterflow Assay for Identifying Drugs Transported by Solute Carriers: Principle, Applications, Challenges/Limits, and Perspectives.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2024Review
- Assessment of P-glycoprotein function using canine intestinal organoid-derived epithelial interfaces.Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems · 2024Article
- Modular tissue-in-a-CUBE platform to model blood-brain barrier (BBB) and brain interaction.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Rifabutin but not rifampicin can partly out-balance P-glycoprotein induction by concurrent P-glycoprotein inhibition through high affinity binding to the inhibitory site.Archives of toxicology · 2024Article
- Alzheimer's disease brain endothelial-like cells reveal differential drug transporter expression and modulation by potentially therapeutic focused ultrasound.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2024Article
- Modeling Substrate Entry into the P-Glycoprotein Efflux Pump at the Blood-Brain Barrier.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2023Article
- Simple design for membrane-free microphysiological systems to model the blood-tissue barriers.Organs-on-a-chip · 2023Article
- Simple Design for Membrane-Free Microphysiological Systems to Model the Blood-Tissue Barriers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Role of ABC Proteins in Secondary Metabolism and Immune (=Defensive) Response in Seaweeds.Cells · 2023Article
- Microphysiological Conditions Do Not Affect MDR1-Mediated Transport of Rhodamine 123 above an Artificial Proximal Tubule.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Synthesis and Characterization of Quercetin-Iron Complex Nanoparticles for Overcoming Drug Resistance.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Article
- Comprehensive Evaluation of Multiple Approaches Targeting ABCB1 to Resensitize Docetaxel-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cell Lines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Improved Bioavailability and Bioaccessibility of Lutein and Isoflavones in Cultured Cells In Vitro through Interaction with Ginger, Curcuma and Black Pepper Extracts.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Fluorescent tracer dyes represent an important class of sub-cellular probes and allow the examination of cellular processes in real-time with minimal impact upon these processes. Such tracer dyes are becoming increasingly used for the examination of membrane transport processes, as they are easy-to-use, cost effective probe substrates for a number of membrane protein transporters. Rhodamine 123, a member of the rhodamine family of flurone dyes, has been used to examine membrane transport by the ABCB1 gene product, MDR1. MDR1 is viewed as the archetypal drug transport protein, and is able to efflux a large number of clinically relevant drugs. In addition, ectopic activity of MDR1 has been associated with the development of multiple drug resistance phenotype, which results in a poor patient response to therapeutic intervention. It is thus important to be able to examine the potential for novel compounds to be MDR1 substrates. Given the increasing use rhodamine 123 as a tracer dye for MDR1, a full characterisation of its spectral properties in a range of in vitro assay-relevant media is warranted. Herein, we determine λmax for excitation and emission or rhodamine 123 and its metabolite rhodamine 110 in commonly used solvents and extraction buffers, demonstrating that fluorescence is highly dependent on the chemical environment: Optimal parameters are 1% (v/v) methanol in HBSS, with λex = 505 nm, λem = 525 nm. We characterise the uptake of rhodamine 123 into cells, via both passive and active processes, and demonstrate that this occurs primarily through OATP1A2-mediated facilitated transport at concentrations below 2 µM, and via micelle-mediated passive diffusion above this. Finally, we quantify the intracellular sequestration and metabolism of rhodamine 123, demonstrating that these are both cell line-dependent factors that may influence the interpretation of transport assays.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.