ReviewGynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology2012
An overview of the development of combined oral contraceptives containing estradiol: focus on estradiol valerate/dienogest.
Review in Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Estetrol-Drospirenone combination oral contraceptive: a clinical study of contraceptive efficacy, bleeding pattern and safety in Europe and Russia.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2022Trial
- Optimizing oral contraceptive timing: Daytime intake reduces doses and enhances efficacy.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- The Chronobiology of Hormone Administration: "Doctor, What Time Should I Take My Medication?"Endocrine reviews · 2025Review
- Experts' view on the role of oestrogens in combined oral contraceptives: emphasis on oestetrol (E4).Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Article
- Combined Oral Contraceptives and Venous Thromboembolism: Review and Perspective to Mitigate the Risk.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Article
- Continuous Use of Combined Hormonal Contraceptive and the Effect on Blood Coagulation Factors in Female Capuchin Monkeys (International journal of endocrinology · 2019Article
- Choosing a combined oral contraceptive pill.Australian prescriber · 2015Review
- The structural biology of oestrogen metabolism.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Natural estrogens such as estradiol (E(2)) or its valerate ester (E(2)V) offer an alternative to ethinyl estradiol (EE). E(2)-containing combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have demonstrated sufficient ovulation inhibition and acceptable contraceptive efficacy. However, earlier formulations were generally associated with unacceptable bleeding profiles. Two E(2)V-containing preparations have been approved to date for contraceptive use: E(2)V/cyproterone acetate (CPA) (Femilar(®); only approved in Finland and only in women >40 years or women aged 35-40 years in whom a COC containing EE is not appropriate) and E(2)V/dienogest (DNG; Qlaira(®)/Natazia(®)). The objective of the current review is to provide an overview of the development of COCs containing natural estrogen, highlighting past issues and challenges faced by earlier formulations, as well as the current status and future directions. The majority of information to date pertains to the development of E(2)V/DNG.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.