ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2012
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and progesterone regulate matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in human endometrial stromal cells.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Impact of Metabolic and Endocrine Disturbance on Endometrial Function in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Increased Expression of TGF-β1 Contributes to the Downregulation of Progesterone Receptor Expression in the Eutopic Endometrium of Infertile Women with Minimal/Mild Endometriosis.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2023Article
- Basigin is necessary for normal decidualization of human uterine stromal cells.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Disrupted PGR-B and ESR1 signaling underlies defective decidualization linked to severe preeclampsia.eLife · 2021Article
- Ovarian hormones-autophagy-immunity axis in menstruation and endometriosis.Theranostics · 2021Review
- Article
- Progesterone Aggravates Lung Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Systemic Sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Activation of Uterine Smad3 Pathway Is Crucial for Embryo Implantation.Current medical science · 2019Article
- The Effect of Imbalanced Progesterone Receptor-A/-B Ratio on Gelatinase Expressions in Endometriosis.International journal of fertility & sterility · 2019Article
- Estrogen-regulated miRNA-27b is altered by bisphenol A in human endometrial stromal cells.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2018Article
- Endometrial stromal cell attachment and matrix homeostasis in abdominal wall endometriomas.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2018Observational
- Constitutive activation of transforming growth factor Beta receptor 1 in the mouse uterus impairs uterine morphology and function.Biology of reproduction · 2015Article
- Diverse roles of prostaglandins in blastocyst implantation.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2014Review
- Steroid regulation of menstrual bleeding and endometrial repair.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextMenstruation is preceded by progesterone withdrawal and endometrial matrix remodeling predominantly through induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and recruitment of invading neutrophils.
designUsing endometrial tissues from women during various phases of the menstrual cycle, we found that MMP2, MMP9, and MMP11 were up-regulated in the late secretory phase/premenstrual phase. Because TGFβ-responsive genes were also up-regulated in endometrium during this time, we tested the hypothesis that TGFβ1 and progesterone regulate expression of MMP in human endometrial stromal cells (HESC).
resultsTreatment of HESC with TGFβ1 resulted in marked increases in MMP2 and MMP11 mRNA and pro- and active MMP2 activity. Progesterone inhibited TGFβ1-induced stimulation of MMP2 and MMP11 through its nuclear hormone receptors. Interestingly, TGFβ1 also decreased progesterone receptor (PR)-A and PR-B in HESC with a more pronounced effect on PR-A.
conclusionsThese data support the hypothesis that TGFβ1 has endogenous anti-progestational effects in HESC and that the opposing effects of progesterone and TGFβ1 are important in regulation of matrix integrity in human endometrium.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.