ArticleContraception2012
Effect of hormonal contraceptives on vitamin B12 level and the association of the latter with bone mineral density.
Article in Contraception, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Steroidal contraceptives: effect on bone fractures in women.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Determinants of Folate and Vitamin BNutrients · 2026Article
- Bone mineral density changes during use of progestin-only contraceptives: a rapid review of recent evidence.AJOG global reports · 2025Review
- Diagnostic reliability of serum active B12 (holo-transcobalamin) in true evaluation of vitamin B12 deficiency: Relevance in current perspective.BMC research notes · 2022Article
- Hematological Profile Changes Among Oral Contraceptive Users: A Narrative Review.Journal of blood medicine · 2022Review
- A phenomics-based approach for the detection and interpretation of shared genetic influences on 29 biochemical indices in southern Chinese men.BMC genomics · 2019Article
- Evidence of Drug-Nutrient Interactions with Chronic Use of Commonly Prescribed Medications: An Update.Pharmaceutics · 2018Review
- Low serum vitamin B12 levels among psychiatric patients admitted in Butabika mental hospital in Uganda.BMC research notes · 2014Article
- Vitamin B12 deficiency: an important reversible co-morbidity in neuropsychiatric manifestations.Indian journal of psychological medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe study was conducted to estimate the effect of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and oral contraceptives (OC) containing 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol on serum B12 and whether observed changes impact bone mineral density (BMD). STUDY
designSerum B12 and BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck were measured on 703 women using OC, DMPA or nonhormonal (NH) birth control at baseline and every 6 months thereafter for 3 years.
resultsOC and DMPA users experienced greater decreases in B12 than NH users (p<.001). A sharp decrease in B12 was observed during the first 6 months of hormonal contraceptive use (OC: 97 pg/mL and DMPA: 64 pg/mL) in contrast to 14 pg/mL among NH users (20%, 13% and 3% of their baseline values, respectively). Over the following 30 months, B12 levels of OC users remained almost flat, while DMPA users had a further 22-unit decrease. Very few women demonstrated B12 deficiency. Moreover, B12 levels were not associated with BMD.
conclusionHormonal contraception causes B12 levels to decrease, but this does not appear to be clinically significant or affect BMD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.