ArticleMolecular brain2012
M4 muscarinic receptor knockout mice display abnormal social behavior and decreased prepulse inhibition.
Article in Molecular brain, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Schizophrenia: from mechanism to therapy.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- Targeting muscarinic receptors for treating schizophrenia.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- The Novel Functions of M4 Muscarinic Receptors.Physiological research · 2025Review
- Pharmacological reduction of reverse-translated hippocampal hyperactivity in mouse: relevance for psychosis.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- From theory to therapy: unlocking the potential of muscarinic receptor activation in schizophrenia with the dual M1/M4 muscarinic receptor agonist xanomeline and trospium chloride and insights from clinical trials.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Review
- Current Findings and Potential Mechanisms of KarXT (Xanomeline-Trospium) in Schizophrenia Treatment.Clinical drug investigation · 2024Review
- Potential of olfactory neuroepithelial cells as a model to study schizophrenia: A focus on GPCRs (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2024Review
- The potential of muscarinic MFrontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- The Impact of Muscarinic Antagonism on Psychosis-Relevant Behaviors and Striatal [Biomedicines · 2023Article
- The muscarinic M4 acetylcholine receptor exacerbates symptoms of movement disorders.Biochemical Society transactions · 2023Review
- Cross-diagnostic determinants of cognitive functioning: the muscarinic cholinergic receptor as a model system.Translational psychiatry · 2023Review
- Involvement of GABAergic and Serotonergic Systems in the Antinociceptive Effect of Jegosaponin A Isolated fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain are involved in behavioral abnormalities associated with Cul3 deficiency: Role of prefrontal cortex projections in cognitive deficits.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- Optimized Administration of the MACS chemical neuroscience · 2022Article
- Drug Design Targeting the Muscarinic Receptors and the Implications in Central Nervous System Disorders.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Lack of MBrain structure & function · 2020Article
- Fine Tuning Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Signaling Through Allostery and Bias.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
- Dangerous Liaisons: Tau Interaction with Muscarinic Receptors.Current Alzheimer research · 2020Review
- The Pharmacology of Visual Hallucinations in Synucleinopathies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn the central nervous system (CNS), the muscarinic system plays key roles in learning and memory, as well as in the regulation of many sensory, motor, and autonomic processes, and is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of several major diseases of the CNS, such as Alzheimer's disease, depression, and schizophrenia. Previous studies reveal that M4 muscarinic receptor knockout (M4R KO) mice displayed an increase in basal locomotor activity, an increase in sensitivity to the prepulse inhibition (PPI)-disrupting effect of psychotomimetics, and normal basal PPI. However, other behaviorally significant roles of M4R remain unclear.
resultsIn this study, to further investigate precise functional roles of M4R in the CNS, M4R KO mice were subjected to a battery of behavioral tests. M4R KO mice showed no significant impairments in nociception, neuromuscular strength, or motor coordination/learning. In open field, light/dark transition, and social interaction tests, consistent with previous studies, M4R KO mice displayed enhanced locomotor activity compared to their wild-type littermates. In the open field test, M4R KO mice exhibited novelty-induced locomotor hyperactivity. In the social interaction test, contacts between pairs of M4R KO mice lasted shorter than those of wild-type mice. In the sensorimotor gating test, M4R KO mice showed a decrease in PPI, whereas in the startle response test, in contrast to a previous study, M4R KO mice demonstrated normal startle response. M4R KO mice also displayed normal performance in the Morris water maze test.
conclusionsThese findings indicate that M4R is involved in regulation of locomotor activity, social behavior, and sensorimotor gating in mice. Together with decreased PPI, abnormal social behavior, which was newly identified in the present study, may represent a behavioral abnormality related to psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.