ArticleThe western journal of emergency medicine2012
The psychopharmacology of agitation: consensus statement of the american association for emergency psychiatry project Beta psychopharmacology workgroup.
Article in The western journal of emergency medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06093451 (An Open-Label, Randomized, Active Controlled Inpatient Trial Evaluating Sublingual Dexmedetomidine For Moderate To Severe Agitation In Inpatients With Schizophrenia Or Bipolar Disorder), which is not on this map. Cited by 110 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Open-Label, Randomized, Active Controlled Inpatient Trial Evaluating Sublingual Dexmedetomidine For Moderate To Severe Agitation In Inpatients With Schizophrenia Or Bipolar Disorder
Who cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 383 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors associated with the variation in drug prescription of antipsychotics in long-term care facilities: a systematic review.BMC geriatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative Safety of Medications for Severe Agitation: A Geriatric Emergency Department Guidelines 2.0 Systematic Review.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2025Pooled it
- Pharmacological Treatment of Acute Psychiatric Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and a Case Series.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Brazilian guidelines for the management of psychomotor agitation. Part 2. Pharmacological approach.Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)Pooled it
- Intramuscular Generic Injection (QLG2072) versus Haloperidol in Chinese Patients with Acute Agitation: A Phase 3 Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Trial
- The Turkish Version of the Modified Agitation Severity Scale: Validity and Reliability Study.International journal of methods in psychiatric research · 2026Article
- Assessing the experiences of violence among healthcare workers in Calgary emergency departments.CJEM · 2026Article
- When Agitation Meets Intoxication: A Retrospective Comparison of Intramuscular Olanzapine and Haloperidol Among Patients With and Without Substance Use in a Psychiatric Emergency Service.Substance use & addiction journal · 2026Article
- Agitation severity and emergency department outcomes in substance-related behavioral emergencies: a retrospective cohort study.BMC emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Droperidol for the Management of the Undifferentiated and Agitated Trauma Patient.Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA · 2026Article
- National survey of Dutch emergency physicians on pharmacological sedation practices for extreme agitation.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- Evolution Over Time of EMS Statewide Treatment Protocols on Prehospital Agitation in the United States.Prehospital emergency care · 2026Article
- Second-generation antipsychotics - Cardiac ion channel modulation and QT interval disturbances: A review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Review
- Oral Medications for Treating Agitation in a Safety Net Emergency Department.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Perspectives of Nurses and Adolescents About Pro Re Nata Treatment in Adolescent Inpatient Psychiatric Units: A Qualitative Study.Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing · 2025Article
- Article
- Medication reference tables for neurologists: A focus on psychotropic medications in epilepsy.Epilepsy & behavior reports · 2025Article
- Predicting Agitation Events in the Emergency Department Through Artificial Intelligence.JAMA network open · 2025Article
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Agitation is common in the medical and psychiatric emergency department, and appropriate management of agitation is a core competency for emergency clinicians. In this article, the authors review the use of a variety of first-generation antipsychotic drugs, second-generation antipsychotic drugs, and benzodiazepines for treatment of acute agitation, and propose specific guidelines for treatment of agitation associated with a variety of conditions, including acute intoxication, psychiatric illness, delirium, and multiple or idiopathic causes. Pharmacologic treatment of agitation should be based on an assessment of the most likely cause of the agitation. If agitation results from a delirium or other medical condition, clinicians should first attempt to treat the underlying cause instead of simply medicating with antipsychotics or benzodiazepines.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.