ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2012
Wild-type MIC distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for amphotericin B, flucytosine, and itraconazole and Candida spp. as determined by CLSI broth microdilution.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 165 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Candidiasis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2016Guideline
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- Ethanolic extract of Polish Propolis exhibits synergy with selected antifungal agents against yeast pathogens causing candidiasis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility patterns of oral Candida colonization and infection in β-thalassemia major patients.BMC oral health · 2026Article
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- Clearing Candida biofilms using combined antimicrobial sophorolipids with amphotericin B and itraconazole.FEMS yeast research · 2026Article
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- "Pour some sugar on me"-Environmental Candida albicans isolates and the evolution of increased pathogenicity and antifungal resistance through sugar adaptation.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Overexpression of efflux pump and biofilm associated genes in itraconazole resistant Candida albicans isolates causing onychomycosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Antifungal Testing of VaginalJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Antimicrobial Resistance ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Epidemiology risk factors and antifungal resistance patterns ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Antifungal Associations with a Polyelectrolyte Promote Significant Reduction of Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations against Opportunistic Candida spp. Strains.Current microbiology · 2024Article
- Wild-type MIC distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for 5-flucytosine andJAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Article
- Comparative pharmacodynamics and dose optimization of liposomal amphotericin B againstAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Defining Optimal Doses of Liposomal Amphotericin B Against Candida auris: Data From an In Vitro Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Antifungal susceptibility testing following the CLSI M27 document, along with the measurement of MFC/MIC ratio, could be the optimal approach to detect amphotericin B resistance inAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Candida parapsilosis complex in the clinical setting.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2024Review
- Group A streptococcus isolated in Guyana with reduced susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics.Access microbiology · 2024Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 15 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clinical breakpoints (CBPs) and epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) have been established for several Candida spp. and the newer triazoles and echinocandins but are not yet available for older antifungal agents, such as amphotericin B, flucytosine, or itraconazole. We determined species-specific ECVs for amphotericin B (AMB), flucytosine (FC) and itraconazole (ITR) for eight Candida spp. (30,221 strains) using isolates from 16 different laboratories in Brazil, Canada, Europe, and the United States, all tested by the CLSI reference microdilution method. The calculated 24- and 48-h ECVs expressed in μg/ml (and the percentages of isolates that had MICs less than or equal to the ECV) for AMB, FC, and ITR, respectively, were 2 (99.8)/2 (99.2), 0.5 (94.2)/1 (91.4), and 0.12 (95.0)/0.12 (92.9) for C. albicans; 2 (99.6)/2 (98.7), 0.5 (98.0)/0.5 (97.5), and 2 (95.2)/4 (93.5) for C. glabrata; 2 (99.7)/2 (97.3), 0.5 (98.7)/0.5 (97.8), and 05. (99.7)/0.5 (98.5) for C. parapsilosis; 2 (99.8)/2 (99.2), 0.5 (93.0)/1 (90.5), and 0.5 (97.8)/0.5 (93.9) for C. tropicalis; 2 (99.3)/4 (100.0), 32 (99.4)/32 (99.3), and 1 (99.0)/2 (100.0) for C. krusei; 2 (100.0)/4 (100.0), 0.5 (95.3)/1 (92.9), and 0.5 (95.8)/0.5 (98.1) for C. lusitaniae; -/2 (100.0), 0.5 (98.8)/0.5 (97.7), and 0.25 (97.6)/0.25 (96.9) for C. dubliniensis; and 2 (100.0)/2 (100.0), 1 (92.7)/-, and 1 (100.0)/2 (100.0) for C. guilliermondii. In the absence of species-specific CBP values, these wild-type (WT) MIC distributions and ECVs will be useful for monitoring the emergence of reduced susceptibility to these well-established antifungal agents.
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