Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22460795›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012

Identification and validation of a gene causing cross-resistance between insecticide classes in Anopheles gambiae from Ghana.

Sara N Mitchell, Bradley J Stevenson, Pie Müller, Craig S Wilding, Alexander Egyir-Yawson, Stuart G Field, Janet Hemingway, Mark J I Paine, Hilary Ranson, Martin James Donnelly

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
135citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
10.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

135 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 251 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Mechanisms of carbamate resistance in the malaria vector:Parasite epidemiology and control · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Mechanisms of transcriptional regulation inProceedings. Biological sciences · 2024
    Article
  15. Functional Validation of Endogenous Redox PartnerInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Mechanisms of transcriptional regulation inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.

Sara N MitchellVector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L35QA, United Kingdom.
Bradley J Stevenson
Pie Müller
Craig S Wilding
Alexander Egyir-Yawson
Stuart G Field
Janet Hemingway
Mark J I Paine
Hilary Ranson
Martin James Donnelly
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine · GBColorado State University · USGhana Atomic Energy Commission · GH

Funding

Development of a Field Applicable Screening Tool (FAST) kit for detecting resistaR01AI082734 · NIAID · TMLIVERPOOL SCHOOL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE · PI DONNELLY, MARTIN JAMES · 2009 to 2013
$1.6M
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilNIAID NIH HHS R01 AI082734NIAID NIH HHS R01AI082734
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the last decade there have been marked reductions in malaria incidence in sub-Saharan Africa. Sustaining these reductions will rely upon insecticides to control the mosquito malaria vectors. We report that in the primary African malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, a single enzyme, CYP6M2, confers resistance to two classes of insecticide. This is unique evidence in a disease vector of cross-resistance associated with a single metabolic gene that simultaneously reduces the efficacy of two of the four classes of insecticide routinely used for malaria control. The gene-expression profile of a highly DDT-resistant population of A. gambiae s.s. from Ghana was characterized using a unique whole-genome microarray. A number of genes were significantly overexpressed compared with two susceptible West African colonies, including genes from metabolic families previously linked to insecticide resistance. One of the most significantly overexpressed probe groups (false-discovery rate-adjusted P < 0.0001) belonged to the cytochrome P450 gene CYP6M2. This gene is associated with pyrethroid resistance in wild A. gambiae s.s. populations) and can metabolize both type I and type II pyrethroids in recombinant protein assays. Using in vitro assays we show that recombinant CYP6M2 is also capable of metabolizing the organochlorine insecticide DDT in the presence of solubilizing factor sodium cholate.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnophelesChromatography, High Pressure LiquidCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemDDTFemaleGene Expression ProfilingGhanaHumansInsecticide ResistanceInsecticidesInsect ProteinsInsect VectorsMalariaMosquito ControlOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemDDTInsecticidesInsect ProteinsPyrethrins

Identifiers

PMID22460795
PMCPMC3341073
OpenAlexW2077141607

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.