ArticlePancreas2012
A prospective evaluation of the effect of chronic proton pump inhibitor use on plasma biomarker levels in humans.
Article in Pancreas, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Pancreastatin predicts survival in neuroendocrine tumors.Annals of surgical oncology · 2014Trial
- Current Medical Controversies in Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Rethinking chromogranin A: unveiling gastrointestinal factors beyond neuroendocrine neoplasms-a narrative review.Translational gastroenterology and hepatology · 2025Review
- The Clinicopathological Characteristics and Surgical Treatment of Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Neoplasm-A 10-Year Single-Center Experience.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Appropriateness of Proton Pump Inhibitor Prescription Evaluated by Using Serological Markers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Circulating Neuroendocrine Tumor Biomarkers: Past, Present and Future.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- It Is Time to Rethink Biomarkers for Surveillance of Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumors.Annals of surgical oncology · 2021Article
- A Plasma Protein Biomarker Strategy for Detection of Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors.Neuroendocrinology · 2021Observational
- Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumors.Current problems in surgery · 2020Article
- Insights into Effects/Risks of Chronic Hypergastrinemia and Lifelong PPI Treatment in Man Based on Studies of Patients with Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Management of Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors.Clinical medicine insights. Endocrinology and diabetes · 2019Review
- Carcinoid tumor causing ileoceccal intussusception in an adult patient.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2019Article
- Role of biomarker tests for diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumours.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2018Review
- Biochemical Testing in Neuroendocrine Tumors.Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America · 2017Review
- Catching the Zebra: Clinical Pearls and Pitfalls for the Successful Diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2017Review
- Profiling of metastatic small intestine neuroendocrine tumors reveals characteristic miRNAs detectable in plasma.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Utility of chromogranin B compared with chromogranin A as a biomarker in Japanese patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.Japanese journal of clinical oncology · 2017Article
- Diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in the era of PPIs, faulty gastrin assays, sensitive imaging and limited access to acid secretory testing.International journal of endocrine oncology · 2017Article
- Biochemical Diagnosis and Preoperative Imaging of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.Surgical oncology clinics of North America · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are used primarily to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease. Proton pump inhibitor-induced achlorhydria increases circulating gastrin and chromogranin A (CGA). Chromogranin is a widely used biomarker for the diagnosis and follow-up for gut-based neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Proton pump inhibitor-induced increases in CGA or gastrin may falsely suggest the presence of a NET when none exists. Pancreastatin, a fragment of CGA, is also commonly used to diagnose and follow NETs. We hypothesized that chronic PPI use would increase circulating plasma gastrin, CGA, and pancreastatin levels.
methodsThirty patients who used PPIs for 6 months or more (mean ± SD duration, 3.1 ± 2.5 years) and a separate control group of 30 patients who never used antacid medications were prospectively evaluated with plasma gastrin, CGA, and pancreastatin determinations.
resultsChronic PPI use resulted in significant increases in CGA (15.1 ± 11 vs 131 ± 207 ng/mL; P = 0.005) and significant increases in gastrin (34.8 ± 22.3 vs 167.8 ± 136.2 pg/mL; P = 0.001) compared to controls. In contrast, pancreastatin level in nonusers and chronic PPI users were identical (81.6 ± 36.4 vs 89.4 ± 43.4 pg/mL; P = 0.46).
conclusionsPancreastatin levels do not change with chronic PPI use and normal pancreastatin levels may be used to distinguish between drug-induced changes in biomarkers and tumor-related increases in circulating biomarkers.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.