ArticleJournal of pain research2012
Current and future options for the management of phantom-limb pain.
Article in Journal of pain research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of mirror therapy in the treatment of phantom limb pain in amputees: A systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials does not find any evidence of efficacy.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Transcranial direct current stimulation in the management of phantom limb pain: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Use of calcitonin in recalcitrant phantom limb pain complicated by heterotopic ossification.Pain research & managementPooled it
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Phantom Limb Pain in Land Mine Victims: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial.The journal of pain · 2016Trial
- Neuropathic Mechanisms in Phantom Pain: A Review of Pain Pathways and Peripheral Localization.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Case Report: Spinal cord stimulation for phantom limb pain facilitates upper limb myoelectric prosthesis use.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Spinal Cord Stimulation Therapy for Phantom Limb Pain in the Left Lower Extremity 30 Years After Onset.Cureus · 2025Article
- How pain and body representations transform each other: A narrative review.Journal of neuropsychology · 2025Review
- The Role of Preemptive Perioperative Analgesia in Prevention of Chronic Phantom Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2025Review
- Pain without presence: a narrative review of the pathophysiological landscape of phantom limb pain.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Evolving techniques for reducing phantom limb pain.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2023Review
- Pathophysiological and Neuroplastic Changes in Postamputation and Neuropathic Pain: Review of the Literature.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2022Article
- Central nervous system stimulation therapies in phantom limb pain: a systematic review of clinical trials.Neural regeneration research · 2022Article
- Treatment Recommendations for Phantom Limb Pain in People with Amputations: An Expert Consensus Delphi Study.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2021Article
- Development of a Phantom Limb Pain Model in Rats: Behavioral and Histochemical Evaluation.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Selective nerve root injection of ozone for the treatment of phantom limb pain: Three case reports.Medicine · 2020Article
- Reaffirming the link between chronic phantom limb pain and maintained missing hand representation.Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior · 2018Article
- Coping with Phantom Limb Pain.Molecular neurobiology · 2018Review
- Origins of Phantom Limb Pain.Molecular neurobiology · 2018Review
- Development of a Multimodal Analgesia Protocol for Perioperative Acute Pain Management for Lower Limb Amputation.Pain research & management · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Phantom-limb pain (PLP) belongs among difficult-to-treat chronic pain syndromes. Treatment options for PLP are to a large degree implicated by the level of understanding the mechanisms and nature of PLP. Research and clinical findings acknowledge the neuropathic nature of PLP and also suggest that both peripheral as well as central mechanisms, including neuroplastic changes in central nervous system, can contribute to PLP. Neuroimaging studies in PLP have indicated a relation between PLP and the neuroplastic changes. Further, it has been shown that the pathological neuroplastic changes could be reverted, and there is a parallel between an improvement (reversal) of the neuroplastic changes in PLP and pain relief. These findings facilitated explorations of novel neuromodulatory treatment strategies, adding to the variety of treatment approaches in PLP. Overall, available treatment options in PLP include pharmacological treatment, supportive non-pharmacological non-invasive strategies (eg, neuromodulation using transcranial magnetic stimulation, visual feedback therapy, or motor imagery; peripheral transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, physical therapy, reflexology, or various psychotherapeutic approaches), and invasive treatment strategies (eg, surgical destructive procedures, nerve blocks, or invasive neuromodulation using deep brain stimulation, motor cortex stimulation, or spinal cord stimulation). Venues of further development in PLP management include a technological and methodological improvement of existing treatment methods, an implementation of new techniques and products, and a development of new treatment approaches.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.