ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2012
Sex differences in children with autism spectrum disorder identified within a high-risk infant cohort.
Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 177 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research Review: Outcomes of 24- to 36-month-old children with autism spectrum disorder vary by ascertainment strategy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2020Pooled it
- Empathy Impairment in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Conditions From a Multidimensional Perspective: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Pooled it
- Self-reported sex differences in high-functioning adults with autism: a meta-analysis.Molecular autism · 2018Pooled it
- Guidelines and best practices for electrophysiological data collection, analysis and reporting in autism.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2015Guideline
- Diametrically opposed sex-specific effects of autistic traits on risk-taking in poker.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Sex differences in autism spectrum disorder: behavioral and sensory phenotypes in humans and mouse models.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Mid-childhood developmental and behavioural outcomes in infants with a family history of autism and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Clinical and Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated with Access to Early Intervention Programs for Infants with Prodromes of Autism.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Analysis of clinical and psychological characteristics of 225 children with autism spectrum disorder based on the C-PEP-3 scale.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Psychosocial Functioning for Preschool-Aged Siblings of Children With Chronic Disorders: A Scoping Review.Child: care, health and development · 2025Article
- Parental concerns correspond to earliest age of autism diagnosis in increased likelihood infant cohort.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Family history of psychiatric conditions and development of siblings of children with autism.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2024Article
- Etiologies underlying sex bias in autism spectrum disorder: a narrative review of preclinical rodent models.Ewha medical journal · 2024Review
- Differential cognitive and behavioral development from 6 to 24 months in autism and fragile X syndrome.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2024Article
- Male and Female Toddlers with DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder have Similar Developmental Profiles and Core Autism Symptoms.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024Article
- Exploring the Acquisition of Social Communication Skills in Children with Autism: Preliminary Findings from Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Parent Training, and Video Modeling.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Understanding strengths and challenges of people with autism: insights from parents and practitioners.International journal of developmental disabilities · 2024Article
- May Female Autism Spectrum Be Masked by Eating Disorders, Borderline Personality Disorder, or Complex PTSD Symptoms? A Case Series.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Global burden and inequality of autism spectrum disorders: Based on data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- The Distinctive Pattern of Declarative Memories in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Further Evidence of Episodic Memory Constraints.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2023Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sex differences were examined in 3-year-olds with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) ascertained from a high-risk cohort, and high- and low-risk comparison groups. Participants included 319 high-risk siblings and 129 low-risk controls. Eighty-five siblings were diagnosed with ASD, including 57 of 176 boys (32.4 %) and 28 of 143 girls (19.6 %), implying a relative odds of ASD of 1.65 in boys versus girls. There were modest sex differences on cognitive and adaptive skills and ASD symptom severity at age 3, but differences between boys and girls with ASD mirrored those in the non-ASD groups. The lower than expected male-to-female ratio, and the relatively high cognitive level among diagnosed children, suggest that we have identified an unanticipated number of higher-functioning girls with ASD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.