ArticleBMC cancer2012
A mouse model for triple-negative breast cancer tumor-initiating cells (TNBC-TICs) exhibits similar aggressive phenotype to the human disease.
Article in BMC cancer, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers.
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101 citing papers in PubMed, 201 citations in OpenAlex.
- Overcoming Barriers to Clinical Translation: MG1 Maraba Virus as an Emerging Platform for Oncolytic Immunotherapy.Viruses · 2026Review
- Integrative Transcriptomic and Machine Learning Analysis of ecDNA-Associated Features for Studying Chemotherapy Resistance in TNBC.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Characterizing a murine breast cancer mouse model reveals chromosomal abnormalities in structure and number of single-cell clones and the presence of rare cancer stem cell-like phenotypes.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Comparative Investigation of Cytotoxic Effects of Structurally Diverse Small Molecules and In Silico Analysis of 1-Acetyl-4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)piperazine.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- 3D printed, biodegradable, and biocompatible intraperitoneal implants loaded with folic acid-targeted/pH-sensitive/doxorubicin-loaded hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for systemic treatment of metastatic breast cancer.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- LILRB4 regulates circadian disruption-induced mammary tumorigenesis via non-canonical WNT signaling pathway.Oncogene · 2025Article
- Breast cancer progression in the presence of treated and untreated left ventricular dysfunction.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2025Article
- Anti-cancer efficacy of novel lonidamine derivatives: Design, synthesis, in vitro, in vivo, and computational studies targeting hexokinase-2.European journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Reprogramming of cancer metabolism via photoresponsive nano-PROTAC enhances pyroptosis-mediated immunotherapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- A novel CD44-targeting aptamer recognizes chemoresistant mesenchymal stem-like TNBC cells and inhibits tumor growth.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Peripheral blood proteome biomarkers distinguish immunosuppressive features of cancer progression.Molecular oncology · 2025Article
- Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer metastasis: the status quo of methods and experimental models 2025.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Dual activity of Minnelide chemosensitize basal/triple negative breast cancer stem cells and reprograms immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- An Efficient Fabrication Approach for Multi-Cancer Responsive Chemoimmuno Co-Delivery Nanoparticles.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Article
- Enhancing therapeutic efficacy in triple-negative breast cancer and melanoma: synergistic effects of modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) with NSAIDs especially COX-2 inhibition in in vivo models.Molecular oncology · 2024Article
- Decreased Lung Metastasis in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Following Locally Delivered Supratherapeutic Paclitaxel-Loaded Polyglycerol Carbonate Nanoparticle Therapy.Biomacromolecules · 2024Article
- Intracellular Delivery of Stabilized Peptide Blocking MTDH-SND1 Interaction for Breast Cancer Suppression.JACS Au · 2024Article
- Immunotherapeutic IL-6R and targeting the MCT-1/IL-6/CXCL7/PD-L1 circuit prevent relapse and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer.Theranostics · 2024Article
- Trastuzumab Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Suggesting Repurposing Potential.Breast cancer : basic and clinical research · 2024Article
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) exhibit characteristics quite distinct from other kinds of breast cancer, presenting as an aggressive disease--recurring and metastasizing more often than other kinds of breast cancer, without tumor-specific treatment options and accounts for 15% of all types of breast cancer with higher percentages in premenopausal African-American and Hispanic women. The reason for this aggressive phenotype is currently the focus of intensive research. However, progress is hampered by the lack of suitable TNBC cell model systems.
methodsTo understand the mechanistic basis for the aggressiveness of TNBC, we produced a stable TNBC cell line by sorting for 4T1 cells that do not express the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) or the gene for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). As a control, we produced a stable triple-positive breast cancer (TPBC) cell line by transfecting 4T1 cells with rat HER2, ER and PgR genes and sorted for cells with high expression of ER and PgR by flow cytometry and high expression of the HER2 gene by Western blot analysis.
resultsWe isolated tumor-initiating cells (TICs) by sorting for CD24+/CD44high/ALDH1+ cells from TNBC (TNBC-TICs) and TPBC (TPBC-TICs) stable cell lines. Limiting dilution transplantation experiments revealed that CD24+/CD44high/ALDH1+ cells derived from TNBC (TNBC-TICs) and TPBC (TPBC-TICs) were significantly more effective at repopulating the mammary glands of naïve female BALB/c mice than CD24-/CD44-/ALDH1- cells. Implantation of the TNBC-TICs resulted in significantly larger tumors, which metastasized to the lungs to a significantly greater extent than TNBC, TPBC-TICs, TPBC or parental 4T1 cells. We further demonstrated that the increased aggressiveness of TNBC-TICs correlates with the presence of high levels of mouse twenty-five kDa heat shock protein (Hsp25/mouse HspB1) and seventy-two kDa heat shock protein (Hsp72/HspA1A).
conclusionsTaken together, we have developed a TNBC-TICs model system based on the 4T1 cells which is a very useful metastasis model with the advantage of being able to be transplanted into immune competent recipients. Our data demonstrates that the TNBC-TICs model system could be a useful tool for studies on the pathogenesis and therapeutic treatment for TNBC.
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