ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2012
Sex-related factors in multiple sclerosis susceptibility and progression.
Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03000127 (A Pilot Trial of Testosterone Treatment for Fatigue in Men With Multiple Sclerosis), which is not on this map. Cited by 138 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Pilot Trial of Testosterone Treatment for Fatigue in Men With Multiple Sclerosis
Who cites it
138 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 256 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sleep in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of polysomnographic findings.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Sex differences in alpha-synucleinopathies: a systematic review.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Recognition and management of acute relapse of multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Review
- Sex-Related Differences in Circular RNA Expression in Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Article
- Twenty years of sex and gender science in health research: a policy statement from the Organization for the Study of Sex Differences.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- An Update Comprehensive Review on Epigenetic Modifications and Therapies in Autoimmune Diseases.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Demyelinating disorders in women: epidemiology, immunology, and clinical implications across MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Article
- Sex and gender-related differences in neurological diseases: current challenges and recommendations for clinical practice.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Sex differences in the development, treatment, and prognosis of multiple sclerosis in Switzerland.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Preserved α2 oscillations underpin reserve-related resilience of semantic verbal fluency in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Moderating effects of limbic white matter on verbal memory in older adults with multiple sclerosis.Neuropsychology · 2026Article
- Validation of the Chinese version of the 12-Item multiple sclerosis walking scale in individuals with multiple sclerosis: a psychometric and item response theory analysis.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Deletion of the X-chromosomal geneScience translational medicine · 2025Article
- Sex-Related Differences in Lifestyle Factors Affecting Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility and Disease Progression.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- The Gut Microbiota-Sex-Immunity Axis in Non-Communicable Diseases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Glial Cytokine and Metabolic Networks in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: From Pathophysiology to Biomarkers and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Effects of androgen modifying therapies on disease activity in older men with multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2025Observational
- The Diagnostic Utility of Oligoclonal Bands in Multiple Sclerosis: A Time-Course Analysis.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Article
78 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) involves complex interactions between genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers. Clinical observations suggest that the study of sex differences might provide important insight into mechanisms of pathogenesis and progression of the disease in patients. MS occurs more frequently in women than in men, indicating that sex-related factors have an effect on an individual's susceptibility to developing the condition. These factors include hormonal, genetic and environmental influences, as well as gene-environment interactions and epigenetic mechanisms. Interestingly, women do not have a poorer prognosis than men with MS despite a higher incidence of the disease and more-robust immune responses, which suggests a mechanism of resilience. Furthermore, the state of pregnancy has a substantial effect on disease activity, characterized by a reduction in relapse rates during the third trimester but an increased relapse rate in the postpartum period. However, pregnancy has little effect on long-term disability in women with MS. The unravelling of the mechanisms underlying these clinical observations in the laboratory and application of the results to the clinical setting is a unique and potentially fruitful strategy to develop novel therapeutic approaches for MS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.