ArticleMolecular and biochemical parasitology2012
Down-regulation of flavin reductase and alcohol dehydrogenase-1 (ADH1) in metronidazole-resistant isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis.
Article in Molecular and biochemical parasitology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of the literature on mechanisms of 5-nitroimidazole resistance inParasitology · 2020Pooled it
- Transcriptomic Signatures ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Roles of efflux pumps and nitroreductases in metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis.Parasitology research · 2025Article
- Targeting histone acetylation to overcome drug resistance in the parasitebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Imidazole Carbamates as a Promising Alternative for Treating Trichomoniasis: In Vitro Effects on the Growth and Gene Expression ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A Comparison of Bottom-Up Proteomic Sample Preparation Methods for the Human ParasiteACS omega · 2024Article
- Identification ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- An Overview of Mucosa-Associated Protozoa: Challenges in Chemotherapy and Future Perspectives.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Article
- A reassessment of the role of oxygen scavenging enzymes in the emergence of metronidazole resistance in trichomonads.International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2021Article
- Gold(I) Phosphine Derivatives with Improved Selectivity as Topically Active Drug Leads to Overcome 5-Nitroheterocyclic Drug Resistance inJournal of medicinal chemistry · 2021Article
- Chromosomal Resistance to Metronidazole in Clostridioides difficile Can Be Mediated by Epistasis between Iron Homeostasis and Oxidoreductases.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Article
- Identification of the NADH-oxidase gene in Trichomonas vaginalis.Parasitology research · 2020Article
- Mycoplasma hominis impacts gene expression in Trichomonas vaginalis.Parasitology research · 2018Article
- CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene modification and gene knock out in the human-infective parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- An Efficient One-Pot Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,4-Disubstituted 5-Nitroimidazoles Displaying Antiparasitic and Antibacterial Activities.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Article
- Genetic Indicators of Drug Resistance in the Highly Repetitive Genome of Trichomonas vaginalis.Genome biology and evolution · 2017Article
- Differential Protein Expressions in Virus-Infected and UninfectedThe Korean journal of parasitology · 2017Article
- Challenges and Persistent Questions in the Treatment of Trichomoniasis.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2017Review
- Divergent Transcriptional Responses to Physiological and Xenobiotic Stress in Giardia duodenalis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The microaerophilic parasite Trichomonas vaginalis is a causative agent of painful vaginitis or urethritis, termed trichomoniasis, and can also cause preterm delivery or stillbirth. Treatment of trichomoniasis is almost exclusively based on the nitroimidazole drugs metronidazole and tinidazole. Metronidazole resistance in T. vaginalis does occur and is often associated with treatment failure. In most cases, metronidazole-resistant isolates remain susceptible to tinidazole, but cross resistance between the two closely related drugs can be a problem. In this study we measured activities of thioredoxin reductase and flavin reductase in four metronidazole-susceptible and five metronidazole-resistant isolates. These enzyme activities had been previously found to be downregulated in T. vaginalis with high-level metronidazole resistance induced in the laboratory. Further, we aimed at identifying factors causing metronidazole resistance and compared the protein expression profiles of all nine isolates by application of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). Thioredoxin reductase activity was nearly equal in all strains assayed but flavin reductase activity was clearly down-regulated, or even absent, in metronidazole-resistant strains. Since flavin reductase has been shown to reduce oxygen to hydrogen peroxide, its down-regulation could significantly contribute to the impairment of oxygen scavenging as reported by others for metronidazole-resistant strains. Analysis by 2DE revealed down-regulation of alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1) in strains with reduced sensitivity to metronidazole, an enzyme that could be involved in detoxification of intracellular acetaldehyde.
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