ArticlePulmonary medicine2012
Smoking and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Article in Pulmonary medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Occupational and environmental risk factors of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analyses.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of genetic programs between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- Phase 2 clinical trial of PBI-4050 in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.The European respiratory journal · 2019Trial
- Smoking-Related Clinical and Molecular Abnormalities in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension.Pulmonary circulation · 2026Article
- Smoker's Lungs: Quo Vadis? Exploring the Shared and Individual Smoking-Related Molecular Pathways of Emphysema, Carcinoma, and Fibrosis - An Illustrative Review.Thoracic cancer · 2026Review
- Holistic Management of Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Comprehensive Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- FTIR imaging identifies alterations in lung tissue structure and biochemical composition in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Cigarette Smoke Induces the Pro-inflammatory Response of Lung Macrophages via Activation of the IL-33/ST2-Dependent Pathway.Immune network · 2026Article
- Inhalation-Based Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Targeting the Diseased Lower Airways in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Shortened Telomere Length as a Risk Factor for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Meta-Analysis.The open respiratory medicine journal · 2026Review
- Article
- Mechanisms on How Matricellular Microenvironments Sustain Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Polygenic risk scores for rheumatoid arthritis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and associations with RA, interstitial lung abnormalities, and quantitative interstitial abnormalities among smokers.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism · 2025Article
- Deciphering the interplay: circulating cell-free DNA, signaling pathways, and disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.3 Biotech · 2025Review
- [Prospects of Smoking Hazards Research Using Lung Organoid].Jugan geon-gang gwa jilbyeong · 2025Review
- Comparative assessment of respiratory, hematological and inflammatory profiles of long-term users of cigarettes, shisha, and e-cigarettes in Saudi Arabia.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Treatable traits in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: focus on respiratory tract infections-a systematic review and a meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Screening and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic lung disease (PH-CLD): A consensus statement from the pulmonary vascular research institute's innovative drug development initiative-group 3 pulmonary hypertension.Pulmonary circulation · 2024Review
- Modeling Molecular Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis-Associated Lung Cancer in Mice.Molecular cancer research : MCR · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease of unknown etiology with considerable morbidity and mortality. Cigarette smoking is one of the most recognized risk factors for development of IPF. Furthermore, recent work suggests that smoking may have a detrimental effect on survival of patients with IPF. The mechanism by which smoking may contribute to the pathogenesis of IPF is largely unknown. However, accumulating evidence suggests that increased oxidative stress might promote disease progression in IPF patients who are current and former smokers. In this review, potential mechanisms by which cigarette smoking affects IPF, the effects of cigarette smoking on accelerated loss of lung function in patients with IPF, key genetic studies evaluating the potential candidate genes and gene-environment (smoking) interaction, diagnosis, and treatment with emphasis on recently closed and ongoing clinical trials are presented.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.