ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2012
Extravaginal reservoirs of vaginal bacteria as risk factors for incident bacterial vaginosis.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of fermented foods for the prevention and treatment of bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2021Guideline
- Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2015Guideline
- The vaginal microbiota: what have we learned after a decade of molecular characterization?PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Evaluating the Efficacy of Eradicating Gardnerella vaginalis Vaginal Colonization With Amoxicillin: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 2 Study.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2022Trial
- Recovery ofNutrients · 2020Trial
- The cervicovaginal gut microbiota axis as a key determinant of systemic physiology.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Parental microbiome programming of early-life neurodevelopment: multi-niche contributions through the microbiome-gut-brain axis.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Dietary patterns supportive of gut microbiota and bacterial vaginosis: A cross-sectional analysis from NHANES 2001 to 2004.Medicine · 2026Article
- Characteristics associated with Lactobacillus-depleted vaginal microbiota in women with different sexual behavior.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Early recurrent peritonsillar abscess associated withIDCases · 2026Article
- Association between body mass index and the risk of bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Carbohydrate Intake and Bacterial Vaginosis: A Systematic Review.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2025Review
- Bacterial vaginosis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Draft genomes of threeMicrobiology resource announcements · 2025Article
- Diverse Metrics of Success for Physician-Scientists: Reflections on My Path and the Evolving Role of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- How does gut microbiota affect the vaginitis axis? The mediating role of plasma metabolites.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- A rare case ofIDCases · 2025Article
- Gut and oral microbiota in gynecological cancers: interaction, mechanism, and therapeutic value.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2024Review
- Influence of connatural factors in shaping vaginal microflora and ensuring its health.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Review
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBacterial vaginosis (BV) represents shifts in microbiota from Lactobacillus spp. to diverse anaerobes. Although antibiotics relieve symptoms and temporarily eradicate BV-associated bacteria (BVAB), BV usually recurs. We investigated the role of extravaginal BVAB reservoirs in recurrence.
methodsRisks for BV acquisition over the course of 1 year were defined. DNA in vaginal, anal, and oral swab samples from enrollment was subjected to quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays targeting 16S ribosomal RNA genes of Gardnerella vaginalis, Lactobacillus crispatus, BVAB1, BVAB2, BVAB3, Megasphaera spp., Lactobacillus jensenii, and Leptotrichia/Sneathia spp. A case-control approach analyzed BVAB detection at enrollment for case patients (BV acquisition) versus controls (none).
resultsOf 239 women enrolled without BV, 199 were seen in follow-up, and 40 experienced BV; 15 had all samples for analysis. Detection of G. vaginalis in oral cavity or anal samples and Leptotrichia/Sneathia spp. in anal samples was more common at enrollment among case patients, who also had higher concentrations of these bacteria and Megasphaera relative to 30 controls at each site. In contrast, L. crispatus was detected more frequently in anal samples among controls.
conclusionsWomen who acquire BV are more likely have previous colonization of extravaginal reservoirs with some BVAB, and less likely to have L. crispatus, suggesting that BVAB may be acquired vaginally from extravaginal reservoirs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.