Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22444691›Full record

ArticleUltrasonics sonochemistry2012

Phase transitions of nanoemulsions using ultrasound: experimental observations.

Ram Singh, Ghaleb A Husseini, William G Pitt

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Ultrasonics sonochemistry, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Microemulsions and Nanoemulsions in Skin Drug Delivery.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Ram SinghChemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
Ghaleb A Husseini
William G Pitt

Funding

Controlled Drug Delivery to Colon Tumors Via UltrasoundR01CA098138 · NCI · BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY · PI PITT, WILLIAM G · 2004 to 2006
$713k
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA098138
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The ultrasound-induced transformation of perfluorocarbon liquids to gases is of interest in the area of drug and gene delivery. In this study, three independent parameters (temperature, size, and perfluorocarbon species) were selected to investigate the effects of 476-kHz and 20-kHz ultrasound on nanoemulsion phase transition. Two levels of each factor (low and high) were considered at each frequency. The acoustic intensities at gas bubble formation and at the onset of inertial cavitation were recorded and subsequently correlated with the acoustic parameters. Experimental data showed that low frequencies are more effective in forming and collapsing a bubble. Additionally, as the size of the emulsion droplet increased, the intensity required for bubble formation decreased. As expected, perfluorohexane emulsions require greater intensity to form cavitating bubbles than perfluoropentane emulsions.

Indexed as

UltrasonicsEmulsionsNanoparticlesPhase TransitionEmulsions

Identifiers

PMID22444691
PMCPMC3329591

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.