Trial reportPain2012
Endogenous opioids mediate left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex rTMS-induced analgesia.
Trial report in Pain, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 54 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for Orthopaedic Trauma Patients
Accelerated Theta Burst in Chronic Pain: A Biomarker Study
Effects of Single-dose L-theanine on Motor Cortex Excitability in Healthy Subjects: A Double-blinded, Randomized Order, Cross-over Paired-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation for Opioid Use Disorder.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2020Pooled it
- Endogenous opioid antagonism in physiological experimental pain models: a systematic review.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- Peak Alpha Frequency Is Not Significantly Altered by Five Days of Experimental Pain and Repetitive Transcranial Stimulation of the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Trial
- Prolonged continuous theta burst stimulation increases motor corticospinal excitability and intracortical inhibition in patients with neuropathic pain: An exploratory, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial.Neurophysiologie clinique = Clinical neurophysiology · 2023Trial
- Attenuation of antidepressant and antisuicidal effects of ketamine by opioid receptor antagonism.Molecular psychiatry · 2019Trial
- Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Targeting Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Modulates Task-Induced Acute Pain in Healthy Volunteers.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2016Trial
- Building up analgesia in humans via the endogenous μ-opioid system by combining placebo and active tDCS: a preliminary report.PloS one · 2014Trial
- Naloxone-reversible modulation of pain circuitry by left prefrontal rTMS.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2013Trial
- Trial
- Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex hemispheric asymmetry and chronic low back pain at 8-year follow-up in community-dwelling older adults.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Intractable Neuropathic Pain Following Post-Traumatic Lumbosacral Plexopathy: A Case Report.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prelimbic cortex-basolateral amygdala glutamatergic circuit drives cancer-induced bone pain in mice.iScience · 2026Article
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Peripheral Neuropathic Pain: From Cortical Analgesia to Phenotype-Stratified Clinical Translation.Journal of pain research · 2026Review
- Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Applied over the Primary Motor Cortex on the Offset Analgesia Phenomenon.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evoked oscillatory cortical activity during acute pain: Probing brain in pain by transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalogram.Human brain mapping · 2024Article
- Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS): a promising noninvasive deep brain stimulation approach for pain.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Human Motor Cortex Modulates Processing of Heat Pain Sensation as Assessed by the Offset Analgesia Paradigm.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Tool to Promote Smoking Cessation and Decrease Drug and Alcohol Use.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Elevated prelimbic cortex-to-basolateral amygdala circuit activity mediates comorbid anxiety-like behaviors associated with chronic pain.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- Network targets for therapeutic brain stimulation: towards personalized therapy for pain.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The concurrent rise of undertreated pain and opiate abuse poses a unique challenge to physicians and researchers alike. A focal, noninvasive form of brain stimulation called repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been shown to produce acute and chronic analgesic effects when applied to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), but the anatomical and pharmacological mechanisms by which prefrontal rTMS induces analgesia remain unclear. Data suggest that DLPFC mediates top-down analgesia via gain modulation of the supraspinal opioidergic circuit. This potential pathway might explain how prefrontal rTMS reduces pain. The purpose of this sham-controlled, double-blind, crossover study was to determine whether left DLPFC rTMS-induced analgesia was sensitive to μ-opioid blockade. Twenty-four healthy volunteers were randomized to receive real or sham TMS after either intravenous saline or naloxone pretreatment. Acute hot and cold pain via quantitative sensory testing and hot allodynia via block testing on capsaicin-treated skin were assessed at baseline and at 0, 20, and 40 minutes after TMS treatment. When compared to sham, real rTMS reduced hot pain and hot allodynia. Naloxone pretreatment significantly reduced the analgesic effects of real rTMS. These results demonstrate that left DLPFC rTMS-induced analgesia requires opioid activity and suggest that rTMS drives endogenous opioidergic pain relief in the human brain. Further studies with chronic dosing regimens of drugs that block or augment the actions of opiates are needed to determine whether TMS can augment opiates in chronic or postoperative pain management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.