ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2012
Activation of the classical complement pathway by Bacillus anthracis is the primary mechanism for spore phagocytosis and involves the spore surface protein BclA.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring Bacillus thuringiensis as a model for endospore adhesion and its potential to investigate adhesins in Pasteuria penetrans.Journal of applied microbiology · 2022Article
- The roles of environmental variation and parasite survival in virulence-transmission relationships.Royal Society open science · 2021Review
- C3 Opsonization of Anthrax Bacterium and Peptidoglycan Supports Recognition and Activation of Neutrophils.Microorganisms · 2020Article
- Article
- Coalescence modeling of intrainfectionProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Article
- C5a/C5aR Pathway Plays a Vital Role in Brain Inflammatory Injury via Initiating Fgl-2 in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Molecular neurobiology · 2017Article
- Molecular tiling on the surface of a bacterial spore - the exosporium of the Bacillus anthracis/cereus/thuringiensis group.Molecular microbiology · 2017Article
- Transcriptional Classification and Functional Characterization of Human Airway Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Subsets.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- Bacillus anthracis Spore Surface Protein BclA Mediates Complement Factor H Binding to Spores and Promotes Spore Persistence.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
- Hijacking Complement Regulatory Proteins for Bacterial Immune Evasion.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Review
- The Exosporium Layer of Bacterial Spores: a Connection to the Environment and the Infected Host.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2015Review
- Characterization of Bacillus anthracis persistence in vivo.PloS one · 2013Article
- The gamma chain subunit of Fc receptors is required for alpha-synuclein-induced pro-inflammatory signaling in microglia.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2012Article
- Bacillus anthracis factors for phagosomal escape.Toxins · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Interactions between spores of Bacillus anthracis and macrophages are critical for the development of anthrax infections, as spores are thought to use macrophages as vehicles to disseminate in the host. In this study, we report a novel mechanism for phagocytosis of B. anthracis spores. Murine macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7, bone marrow-derived macrophages, and primary peritoneal macrophages from mice were used. The results indicated that activation of the classical complement pathway (CCP) was a primary mechanism for spore phagocytosis. Phagocytosis was significantly reduced in the absence of C1q or C3. C3 fragments were found deposited on the spore surface, and the deposition was dependent on C1q and Ca(2+). C1q recruitment to the spore surface was mediated by the spore surface protein BclA, as recombinant BclA bound directly and specifically to C1q and inhibited C1q binding to spores in a dose-dependent manner. C1q binding to spores lacking BclA (ΔbclA) was also significantly reduced compared with wild-type spores. In addition, deposition of both C3 and C4 as well as phagocytosis of spores were significantly reduced when BclA was absent, but were not reduced in the absence of IgG, suggesting that BclA, but not IgG, is important in these processes. Taken together, these results support a model in which spores actively engage CCP primarily through BclA interaction with C1q, leading to CCP activation and opsonophagocytosis of spores in an IgG-independent manner. These findings are likely to have significant implications on B. anthracis pathogenesis and microbial manipulation of complement.
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Registered trials
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