Trial reportStroke2012
25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of stroke: a prospective study and meta-analysis.
Trial report in Stroke, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the linkage between low vitamin D and the risk as well as the prognosis of stroke.Brain and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Vitamin D and Multiple Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Observational Studies, Randomized Controlled Trials, and Mendelian Randomization Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- Prognostic utility of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with stroke: a meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Vitamin D and Stroke: Effects on Incidence, Severity, and Outcome and the Potential Benefits of Supplementation.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of vitamin D on ventricular remodelling in heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMJ open · 2018Pooled it
- Lower Vitamin D Status Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2018Pooled it
- Vitamin D Supplementation in the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Clinical cardiology · 2016Pooled it
- Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies and randomised trials.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2014Pooled it
- Trial
- Vitamin D Deficient Older Adults Are More Prone to Have Metabolic Syndrome, but Not to a Greater Number of Metabolic Syndrome Parameters.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Casting Light on the Regulation of Platelet Reactivity by Calcitriol.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2026Article
- Vitamin D status, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2022.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2024Article
- Correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and severe headache or migraine: evidence from NHANES database.Food & nutrition research · 2024Article
- Association between vitamin D and endometriosis among American women: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.PloS one · 2024Article
- Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with the incidence of 16 cancers, cancer mortality, and all-cause mortality among individuals with metabolic syndrome: a prospective cohort study.European journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Article
- Brain changes in neuroimaging of adult patients with vitamin D deficiency: systematic review protocol.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Role of Vitamin D Deficiency in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases.Nutrients · 2023Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeDespite evidence suggesting that vitamin D deficiency may lead to elevated cardiovascular disease risk, results regarding the association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels with stroke risk are inconclusive. We aimed to examine this association in a prospective study in women and to summarize all existing data in a meta-analysis.
methodsWe measured 25(OH)D levels among 464 women who developed ischemic stroke and an equal number of control subjects who were free of stroke through 2006 in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS). We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for articles published through March 2011 that prospectively evaluated 25(OH)D levels in relation to stroke.
resultsAfter multivariable adjustment for lifestyle and dietary covariates, lower 25(OH)D levels were associated with an elevated risk of ischemic stroke in the NHS: the OR (95% CI) comparing women in the lowest versus highest tertiles was 1.49 (1.01-2.18; P(trend)=0.04). We found 6 other prospective studies that examined 25(OH)D in relation to stroke outcomes. After pooling our results with these prospective studies that included 1214 stroke cases in total, low 25(OH)D levels were associated with increased risk of developing stroke outcomes in comparison to high levels: the pooled relative risk (95% CI) was 1.52 (1.20-1.85; I(2)=0.0%, P(heterogeneity)=0.63). In 2 studies that explicitly examined ischemic stroke, this association was 1.59 (1.07-2.12; I(2)=0.0%, P(heterogeneity)=0.80).
conclusionsThese data provide evidence that low vitamin D levels are modestly associated with risk of stroke. Maintaining adequate vitamin D status may lower the risk of stroke in women.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.