Trial reportThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2012
Neuroplasticity in cigarette smokers is altered under withdrawal and partially restituted by nicotine exposition.
Trial report in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- The two-way relationship between nicotine and cortical activity: a systematic review of neurobiological and treatment aspects.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation (tES and TMS) for addiction medicine: A consensus paper on the present state of the science and the road ahead.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Applied to the Dorsolateral and Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortices in Smokers Modifies Cognitive Circuits Implicated in the Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2020Trial
- Lack of effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on short-term smoking cessation: Results of a randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Trial
- Effects of repeated transcranial direct current stimulation on smoking, craving and brain reactivity to smoking cues.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Using ecological measures of smoking trigger exposure to predict smoking cessation milestones.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2015Trial
- Trial
- An Activity-Dependent NEPAS-PTX3 Axis Links Neurovascular and Myelin Deficits to Cognitive Impairment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Report Approval for Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (RATES): expert recommendation based on a Delphi consensus study.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Prefrontal TDCS does not improve working memory performance in individuals with chronic alcohol and tobacco use.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- A Methodological Evaluation of Four Different Paired Associative Stimulation Paradigms in Healthy Controls.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Bidirectional relationship between attentional deficits and escalation of nicotine intake in male rats.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Article
- Non-invasive brain stimulation and neuroenhancement.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2022Review
- Time-Varying Functional Connectivity Decreases as a Function of Acute Nicotine Abstinence.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2021Article
- Multimodal Assessment of Precentral Anodal TDCS: Individual Rise in Supplementary Motor Activity Scales With Increase in Corticospinal Excitability.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
- Cognitive training and brain stimulation in prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD-Stim)-study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled phase IIb (monocenter) trial.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2020Article
- The Influence of Recreational Substance Use in TMS Research.Brain sciences · 2020Review
- Effect of Paired Associative Stimulation on Corticomotor Excitability in Chronic Smokers.Brain sciences · 2019Article
- Nicotine modulates human brain plasticity via calcium-dependent mechanisms.The Journal of physiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nicotine improves cognitive functions by modulating neuroplasticity and cortical excitability in nonsmoking subjects. As shown recently, the positive effect of nicotine on cognition might at least partially be caused by a focusing effect of nicotine on neuroplasticity in these subjects. Concordant to this, smokers under nicotine withdrawal show reduced cognitive abilities, which are at least partially restituted by nicotine consumption. We aimed to explore the neurophysiological foundation of these effects by exploring nonfocal and focal plasticity-inducing protocols in human smokers under nicotine withdrawal and exposition. Focal, synapse-specific plasticity was induced by paired associative stimulation (PAS), while nonfocal plasticity was induced by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Each subject (12) received placebo and nicotine patches combined with one of the stimulation protocols to the primary motor cortex. Corticospinal excitability was monitored by transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced motor-evoked potential amplitudes. In smokers during nicotine withdrawal, facilitatory plasticity induced by tDCS and PAS was abolished, but restituted by nicotine. In contrast, excitability-diminishing plasticity was not affected by nicotine withdrawal. Under nicotine, the inhibitory aftereffects of PAS were delayed and prolonged, while the tDCS-generated excitability reduction was abolished. Thus, absent facilitatory plasticity in smokers during nicotine withdrawal is restituted by nicotine, favoring the deficit-compensating hypothesis of nicotine consumption. These results might shed further light on the proposed mechanism of nicotine on cognition and attention, which might be connected to nicotine addiction and probability of relapse in smokers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.