ArticleAIDS (London, England)2012
Highly active antiretroviral therapy does not completely suppress HIV in semen of sexually active HIV-infected men who have sex with men.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Considering treatment of male genital schistosomiasis as a tool for future HIV prevention: a systematic review.International journal of public health · 2015Pooled it
- The effect of sexually transmitted co-infections on HIV viral load amongst individuals on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Pooled it
- Clinical uncertainties, health service challenges, and ethical complexities of HIV "test-and-treat": a systematic review.American journal of public health · 2013Pooled it
- Heterogeneous antiretroviral drug distribution and HIV/SHIV detection in the gut of three species.Science translational medicine · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Emtricitabine seminal plasma and blood plasma population pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected men in the EVARIST ANRS-EP 49 study.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2015Trial
- Effect of HIV infection and menopause status on raltegravir pharmacokinetics in the blood and genital tract.Antiviral therapy · 2015Trial
- HSV-2 co-infection as a driver of HIV transmission among heterosexual non-injecting drug users in New York City.PloS one · 2014Trial
- Longitudinal cervicovaginal bacteriome and virome alterations associate with discordant shedding and ART duration in women living with HIV in Peru.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Analysis of people newly diagnosed with HIV and intervention measures in Chongqing.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Testis Is a Sanctuary Site for HIV-1.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- In Vitro and In Vivo Models for Drug Transport Across the Blood-Testis Barrier.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2023Review
- Article
- HIV infection.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- Doravirine Concentrations and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in the Genital Fluids of Virologically Suppressed Adults Switching to Doravirine Plus Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- The Potential ofCells · 2022Review
- Human seminal virome: a panel based on recent literature.Basic and clinical andrology · 2022Review
- Oral Sexual Behavior Among HIV-Infected Men Who Have Sex with Men - China, February 2021.China CDC weekly · 2022Article
- Remdesivir and EIDD-1931 Interact with Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters 1 and 2: Implications for Reaching SARS-CoV-2 Viral Sanctuary Sites.Molecular pharmacology · 2021Article
- Effects of Urethritis on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Semen: Implications for HIV Prevention and Cure.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAlthough HAART can suppress genital shedding and sexual transmission of HIV, men who have sex with men (MSM) have experienced a resurgent HIV epidemic in the HAART era. Many HIV-infected MSM continue to engage in unsafe sex, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or other factors may promote genital HIV shedding and transmission in this population despite HAART. In this study, we determined the prevalence of seminal HIV shedding in HIV-infected MSM on stable HAART, and its relationship with a number of clinical, behavioral and biological variables.
designSexually active HIV-infected men using HAART were recruited from an MSM health clinic to provide semen and blood samples.
methodsHIV levels were assessed in paired semen and blood samples by PCR. Clinical and behavioral data were obtained from medical records and questionnaires. Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) serostatus, seminal HSV-2 DNA, and markers of genital inflammation were measured using standard laboratory methods.
resultsOverall, HIV-1 was detected in 18 of 101 (18%) blood and 30 of 101 (30%) semen samples. Of 83 men with undetectable HIV in blood plasma, 25% had HIV in semen with copy numbers ranging from 80 to 2560. Multivariate analysis identified STI/urethritis (P = 0.003), tumor necrosis factor α (P = 0.0003), and unprotected insertive anal sex with an HIV-infected partner (P = 0.007) as independent predictors of seminal HIV detection.
conclusionSTIs and genital inflammation can partially override the suppressive effect of HAART on seminal HIV shedding in sexually active HIV-infected MSM. Low seminal HIV titers could potentially pose a transmission risk in MSM, who are highly susceptible to HIV infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.