Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22438471›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics2012

Pharmacologic characterization of a nicotine-discriminative stimulus in rhesus monkeys.

Colin S Cunningham, Martin A Javors, Lance R McMahon

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 24% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.

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  14. Effects of the Nanoparticle-Based Vaccine, SEL-068, on Nicotine Discrimination in Squirrel Monkeys.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2015
    Article
  15. Determination of behaviorally effective tobacco constituent doses in rats.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2015
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Methamphetamine-like discriminative-stimulus effects of nicotinic agonists.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2014
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Colin S CunninghamDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA.
Martin A Javors
Lance R McMahon
The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio · US

Funding

Nicotine dependence: neuropharmacology in monkeysR01DA025267 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI MCMAHON, LANCE R. · 2009 to 2018
$3.4M
NIDA NIH HHS DA25267NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA025267
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study examined mechanisms by which nicotine (1.78 mg/kg base s.c.) produces discriminative stimulus effects in rhesus monkeys. In addition to nicotine, various test compounds were studied including other nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists (varenicline and cytisine), antagonists [mecamylamine and the α4β2 receptor-selective antagonist dihydro-β-erythroidine (DHβE)], a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist/indirect-acting catecholamine agonist (bupropion), and non-nicotinics (cocaine and midazolam). Nicotine, varenicline, and cytisine dose-dependently increased drug-lever responding; the ED(50) values were 0.47, 0.53, and 39 mg/kg, respectively. Bupropion and cocaine produced 100% nicotine-lever responding in a subset of monkeys, whereas mecamylamine, DHβE, and midazolam produced predominantly vehicle-lever responding. The training dose of nicotine resulted in 1128 ng/ml cotinine in saliva. Mecamylamine antagonized the discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine and varenicline, whereas DHβE was much less effective. Nicotine and varenicline had synergistic discriminative stimulus effects. In monkeys responding predominantly on the vehicle lever after a test compound (bupropion, cocaine, and midazolam), that test compound blocked the nicotine-discriminative stimulus, perhaps reflecting a perceptual-masking phenomenon. These results show that nicotine, varenicline, and cytisine produce discriminative stimulus effects through mecamylamine-sensitive receptors (i.e., nicotinic acetylcholine) in primates, whereas the involvement of DHβE-sensitive receptors (i.e., α4β2) is unclear. The current nicotine-discrimination assay did not detect a difference in agonist efficacy between nicotine, varenicline, and cytisine, but did show evidence of involvement of dopamine. The control that nicotine has over choice behavior can be disrupted by non-nicotinic compounds, suggesting that non-nicotinics could be exploited to decrease the control that tobacco has over behavior.

Indexed as

AlkaloidsAnimalsAzocinesBenzazepinesCocaineConditioning, OperantDiscrimination LearningDopamine Uptake InhibitorsDrug InteractionsFemaleHypnotics and SedativesMacaca mulattaMaleMecamylamineMidazolamNicotineAlkaloidsAzocinesBenzazepinesCocainecytisineDopamine Uptake InhibitorsHypnotics and SedativesMecamylamineMidazolamNicotineNicotinic AgonistsQuinolizidine AlkaloidsQuinolizinesQuinoxalinesReceptors, NicotinicVarenicline

Identifiers

PMID22438471
PMCPMC3362877
OpenAlexW2123495931

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.