ArticleBMC cancer2012
Differential expression of cancer associated proteins in breast milk based on age at first full term pregnancy.
Article in BMC cancer, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- The utility of breastmilk for genetic or genomic studies: a systematic review.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2013Pooled it
- Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Analysis of Breast Milk for Breast Cancer Biomarker Discovery: An Update.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Mammary epithelium permeability during established lactation: associations with cytokine levels in human milk.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics of Human Milk to Identify Differentially Expressed Proteins in Women with Breast Cancer versus Controls.Proteomes · 2022Article
- Novel Biomolecules in the Pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Polymeric nanoassemblies for enrichment and detection of peptides and proteins in human breast milk.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2020Article
- Biochemical pathways mediated by KLK6 protease in breast cancer.Molecular oncology · 2019Article
- Pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in human milk: an exploratory analysis of racial differences to inform breast cancer etiology.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2018Article
- Breast Cancer Prevention: Current Approaches and Future Directions.European journal of breast health · 2018Review
- KLK6-regulated miRNA networks activate oncogenic pathways in breast cancer subtypes.Molecular oncology · 2016Article
- Association of TGF-β2 levels in breast milk with severity of breast biopsy diagnosis.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2015Article
- Temporal trends in the inflammatory cytokine profile of human breastmilk.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2014Article
- Deciphering a proteomic signature for the early detection of breast cancer from breast milk: the role of quantitative proteomics.Expert review of proteomicsReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFirst full term pregnancy (FFTP) completed at a young age has been linked to low long term breast cancer risk, whereas late FFTP pregnancy age confers high long term risk, compared to nulliparity. Our hypothesis was that proteins linked to breast cancer would be differentially expressed in human milk collected at three time points during lactation based on age at FFTP.
methodsWe analyzed breast milk from 72 lactating women. Samples were collected within 10 days of the onset of lactation (baseline-BL), two months after lactation started and during breast weaning (W). We measured 16 proteins (11 kallikreins (KLKs), basic fibroblast growth factor, YKL-40, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and transforming growth factor (TGF) β-1 and -2) associated with breast cancer, most known to be secreted into milk.
resultsDuring lactation there was a significant change in the expression of 14 proteins in women < 26 years old and 9 proteins in women > = 26 at FFTP. The most significant (p < .001) changes from BL to W in women divided by FFTP age (< 26 vs. > = 26) were in KLK3,6, 8, and TGFβ2 in women < 26; and KLK6, 8, and TGFβ2 in women > = 26. There was a significant increase (p = .022) in KLK8 expression from BL to W depending on FFTP age. Examination of DNA methylation in the promoter region of KLK6 revealed high levels of methylation that did not explain the observed changes in protein levels. On the other hand, KLK6 and TGFβ1 expression were significantly associated (r2 = .43, p = .0050).
conclusionsThe expression profile of milk proteins linked to breast cancer is influenced by age at FFTP. These proteins may play a role in future cancer risk.
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