Trial reportDiabetologia2012
Nasal insulin changes peripheral insulin sensitivity simultaneously with altered activity in homeostatic and reward-related human brain regions.
Trial report in Diabetologia, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- The crucial role and mechanism of insulin resistance in metabolic disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Appetite Perception and Cerebral Blood Flow in Aging Adults Following a Single Bout of Exercise.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Protective effect of intranasal insulin on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome undergoing noncardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2023Trial
- Exercise restores brain insulin sensitivity in sedentary adults who are overweight and obese.JCI insight · 2022Trial
- MemAID: Memory advancement with intranasal insulin vs. placebo in type 2 diabetes and control participants: a randomized clinical trial.Journal of neurology · 2022 · on this mapTrial
- Diets Varying in Carbohydrate Content Differentially Alter Brain Activity in Homeostatic and Reward Regions in Adults.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Trial
- Effects of intranasal insulin application on the hypothalamic BOLD response to glucose ingestion.Scientific reports · 2017Trial
- Intranasal insulin enhances brain functional connectivity mediating the relationship between adiposity and subjective feeling of hunger.Scientific reports · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Intranasal insulin enhanced resting-state functional connectivity of hippocampal regions in type 2 diabetes.Diabetes · 2015Trial
- Semaglutide Selectively Improves Metabolic and Cognitive Function in 5xFAD Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The autonomic nervous system in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- The interplay of central insulin and menstrual cycle on functional brain networks and neural food cue reactivity in women.Communications biology · 2026Article
- The insulin resistant brain: impact on whole-body metabolism and body fat distribution.Diabetologia · 2024Review
- Insulin Delivery to the Brain via the Nasal Route: Unraveling the Potential for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Review
- Insulin-like growth factor-2 is a promising candidate for the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Review
- Spectro-spatial features in distributed human intracranial activity proactively encode peripheral metabolic activity.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia effects on anterior cingulate cortex myoinositol-relation to brain network functional connectivity in healthy adults.Journal of neurophysiology · 2022Article
- Dysmetabolism and Neurodegeneration: Trick or Treat?Nutrients · 2022Review
- Diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease: dangerous liaisons between insulin and dopamine.Neural regeneration research · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aims/hypothesisImpaired insulin sensitivity is a major factor leading to type 2 diabetes. Animal studies suggest that the brain is involved in the regulation of insulin sensitivity. We investigated whether insulin action in the human brain regulates peripheral insulin sensitivity and examined which brain areas are involved.
methodsInsulin and placebo were given intranasally. Plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide were measured in 103 participants at 0, 30 and 60 min. A subgroup (n = 12) was also studied with functional MRI, and blood sampling at 0, 30 and 120 min. For each time-point, the HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated as an inverse estimate of peripheral insulin sensitivity.
resultsPlasma insulin increased and subsequently decreased. This excursion was accompanied by slightly decreased plasma glucose, resulting in an initially increased HOMA-IR. At 1 h after insulin spray, the HOMA-IR subsequently decreased and remained lower up to 120 min. An increase in hypothalamic activity was observed, which correlated with the increased HOMA-IR at 30 min post-spray. Activity in the putamen, right insula and orbitofrontal cortex correlated with the decreased HOMA-IR at 120 min post-spray. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationCentral insulin action in specific brain areas, including the hypothalamus, may time-dependently regulate peripheral insulin sensitivity. This introduces a potential novel mechanism for the regulation of peripheral insulin sensitivity and underlines the importance of cerebral insulin action for the whole organism.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.