ReviewEndocrinology2012
Immune cells have sex and so should journal articles.
Review in Endocrinology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 222 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effects of Supplemental Calcium and Vitamin D on Circulating Biomarkers of Gut Barrier Function in Patients with Colon Adenoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2021Trial
- Effects of acute systemic inflammation on the interplay between sad mood and affective cognition.Translational psychiatry · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Hens and roosters of two distinct lines differ in immune cell profiles.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Sex matters: mechanistic insights into sex-driven patterns of autoimmunity and implications for pharmacotherapy.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Sex-Specific Oral Health: A Narrative Review of Hormonal Influences and Disease Patterns.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- Sex hormones and gender differences in immune responses and anticancer immunity: a comprehensive review.Biologia futura · 2026Review
- Myocarditis After mRNA Vaccination: A Metabolic-Innate Immune Cascade Centered on Lipid Nanoparticles.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Review
- Sex, hormones, and lung health.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Immunogenicity of a recombinant subunit COVID-19 vaccine: A prospective, multi-centre, longitudinal study in Chinese Alzheimer's disease patients.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Sex differences in a murine model of infective endocarditis.Basic research in cardiology · 2025Article
- Differences in autoimmune thyroid diseases between females and males: the result of a complex interconnection of factors.Endocrine · 2025Review
- Article
- Sex, Age, and Previous Herpes Zoster Infection Role on Adverse Events Following Immunization with Adjuvanted Recombinant Vaccine.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Observational
- Article
- Androgen Exhibits a Protective Role Against Focal Erosions in Murine TNF-induced Inflammatory Arthritis.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- A New Overview of Sex Bias in Fungal Infections.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity in intestinal epithelial cells in the formation of colonic tertiary lymphoid tissues.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2024Article
- Obesity Inhibits Alveolar Macrophage Responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia via Upregulation of Prostaglandin E2 in Male, but Not Female, Mice.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Males and females have the same immunological cells, proteins, and pathways in place to protect against the development of disease. The kinetics, magnitude, and skewing of the responses mounted against pathogens, allergens, toxins, or self-antigens, however, can differ dramatically between the sexes. Generally, females mount higher innate and adaptive immune responses than males, which can result in faster clearance of pathogens but also contributes to increased susceptibility to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in females compared with males. Hormonal and genetic factors contribute significantly to sex differences in immune function and disease pathogenesis. In particular, the expression of X-linked genes and microRNA as well as sex steroid hormones signaling through hormone receptors in immune cells can affect responses to immunological stimuli differently in males and females. Despite data illustrating profound differences between the sexes in immune function, sex differences in the pathogenesis of disease are often overlooked in biomedical research. Establishing journal policies that require authors to report the sex of their cells, animals, and subjects will improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of diseases, with the long-term goal of personalizing treatments for immune-mediated diseases differently for males and females in an effort to protect us equally.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.