ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2012
The difference in blood pressure readings between arms and survival: primary care cohort study.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence of systolic inter-arm differences in blood pressure for different primary care populations: systematic review and meta-analysis.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2016Pooled it
- Inter-arm blood pressure difference and mortality: a cohort study in an asymptomatic primary care population at elevated cardiovascular risk.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2016Trial
- Simultaneous compared with sequential blood pressure measurement results in smaller inter-arm blood pressure differences.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2013Trial
- Association of mortality with longitudinal changes in right- and left-arm blood pressure discrepancies among hypertensive adults.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Influencing factors for the increased inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference among populations of different genders.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Higher systolic blood pressure difference in left not right upper limb is associated with all-cause mortality risk in a community-based population.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025Article
- Unilateral Exercise and Bilateral Vascular Health in Female Tennis Players and Active Controls.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Association of Increased Inter-arm Blood Pressure Difference with Long-term Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Who Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2024Article
- Short-term blood pressure variability and brain functional network connectivity in older adults.Neuroimage. Reports · 2024Article
- Association of interarm blood pressure difference with selected body circumferences among Walter Sisulu University community.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with inter-arm systolic and diastolic blood pressure differences: results from the baseline Fasa Adult's Cohort Study (FACS).BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Comparison of different medical treatments for primary hyperaldosteronism: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2024Article
- Inter-Arm Blood Pressure Difference an Indicator of Coronary Artery Disease.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2023Article
- Association between inter-arm blood pressure difference and cardiovascular disease: result from baseline Fasa Adults Cohort Study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Remote Photoplethysmography with a High-Speed Camera Reveals Temporal and Amplitude Differences between Glabrous and Non-Glabrous Skin.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Impact of the Cold Pressor Test on Inter-arm Differences in Blood Pressure.International journal of exercise science · 2023Article
- Impact of Fasting Blood Glucose Levels on Blood Pressure Parameters among Older Adults with Prediabetes.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2023Article
- Anthropometric indices, but not birth weight, are associated with high blood pressure risk among Malay adolescents in Kuala Lumpur.Dialogues in health · 2022Article
- [Interarm blood pressure difference: Concordance between two methods of automatic simultaneous measurement and between visits reproducibility].Atencion primaria · 2022Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine whether a difference in systolic blood pressure readings between arms can predict a reduced event free survival after 10 years.
designCohort study.
settingRural general practice in Devon, United Kingdom.
participants230 people receiving treatment for hypertension in primary care.
interventionBilateral blood pressure measurements recorded at three successive surgery attendances.
main outcome measuresCardiovascular events and deaths from all causes during a median follow-up of 9.8 years.
resultsAt recruitment 24% (55/230) of participants had a mean interarm difference in systolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg or more and 9% (21/230) of 15 mm Hg or more; these differences were associated with an increased risk of all cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 3.6, 95% confidence interval 2.0 to 6.5 and 3.1, 1.6 to 6.0, respectively). The risk of death was also increased in 183 participants without pre-existing cardiovascular disease with an interarm difference in systolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg or more or 15 mm Hg or more (2.6, 1.4 to 4.8 and 2.7, 1.3 to 5.4). An interarm difference in diastolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg or more was weakly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events or death.
conclusionsDifferences in systolic blood pressure between arms can predict an increased risk of cardiovascular events and all cause mortality over 10 years in people with hypertension. This difference could be a valuable indicator of increased cardiovascular risk. Bilateral blood pressure measurements should become a routine part of cardiovascular assessment in primary care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.