ArticleBMC psychiatry2012
A patient perspective of the impact of medication side effects on adherence: results of a cross-sectional nationwide survey of patients with schizophrenia.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 326 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and network meta-analysis of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of xanomeline plus trospium chloride compared with eight oral antipsychotics for the acute treatment of schizophrenia.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2026Pooled it
- Non-adherence with the treatment regimen and its associated factors among patients with schizophrenia in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Strategies for Switching between Oral Postsynaptic Antidopaminergic Antipsychotics in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review.CNS drugs · 2025Pooled it
- Psychotropic medication non-adherence and its determinants among people living with mental illnesses in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis study.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of the real-world effectiveness and economic and humanistic outcomes of selected oral antipsychotics among patients with schizophrenia in the United States: Updating the evidence and gaps.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2024Pooled it
- What is the impact of antidepressant side effects on medication adherence among adult patients diagnosed with depressive disorder: A systematic review.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Antipsychotic dose, dopamine D2 receptor occupancy and extrapyramidal side-effects: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review on sex differences in adverse drug reactions related to psychotropic, cardiovascular, and analgesic medications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Mindfulness-based interventions for medication adherence: A systematic review and narrative synthesis.Journal of psychosomatic research · 2021Pooled it
- Does Switching Antipsychotics Ameliorate Weight Gain in Patients With Severe Mental Illness? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2021Pooled it
- Psychotropic medication non-adherence and its associated factors among patients with major psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Lumateperone monotherapy for major depressive episodes associated with bipolar disorder: efficacy and safety in a randomized placebo-controlled trial.International clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Long-term safety and tolerability of lumateperone 42 mg in patients with bipolar disorder: results from a 6-month open-label extension study.International clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Defining the Patient Journey and Identifying Digital Health Solutions in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2025Trial
- Side Effects of Psychotropic Medications Experienced by a Community Sample of People Living With Severe and Persistent Mental Illness.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2024Trial
- Co-administration of probiotic and vitamin D significantly improves cognitive function in schizophrenic patients: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2024Trial
- Effect of single-administration of D-sorbitol pretreatment on the bitterness and continued willingness to take asenapine: a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.BMC psychiatry · 2024Trial
- Sensory evaluation of the bitterness of asenapine using D-sorbitol pretreatment: single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.BMC psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Effects of multitask training on cognition and motor control in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Reduced sexual dysfunction with aripiprazole once-monthly versus paliperidone palmitate: results from QUALIFY.International clinical psychopharmacology · 2017Trial
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAntipsychotic medications often have a variety of side effects, however, it is not well understood how the presence of specific side effects correlate with adherence in a real-world setting. The aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between these variables among community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia.
methodsData were analyzed from a 2007-2008 nationwide survey of adults who self-reported a diagnosis of schizophrenia and were currently using an antipsychotic medication (N = 876). The presence of side effects was defined as those in which the patient reported they were at least "somewhat bothered". Adherence was defined as a score of zero on the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. To assess the relationship between side effects and adherence, individual logistic regression models were fitted for each side effect controlling for patient characteristics. A single logistic regression model assessed the relationship between side effect clusters and adherence. The relationships between adherence and health resource use were also examined.
resultsA majority of patients reported experiencing at least one side effect due to their medication (86.19%). Only 42.5% reported complete adherence. Most side effects were associated with a significantly reduced likelihood of adherence. When grouped as side effect clusters in a single model, extra pyramidal symptoms (EPS)/agitation (odds ratio (OR) = 0.57, p = 0.0007), sedation/cognition (OR = 0.70, p = 0.033), prolactin/endocrine (OR = 0.69, p = 0.0342), and metabolic side effects (OR = 0.64, p = 0.0079) were all significantly related with lower rates of adherence. Those who reported complete adherence to their medication were significantly less likely to report a hospitalization for a mental health reason (OR = 0.51, p = 0.0006), a hospitalization for a non-mental health reason (OR = 0.43, p = 0.0002), and an emergency room (ER) visit for a mental health reason (OR = 0.60, p = 0.008).
conclusionsAmong patients with schizophrenia, medication side effects are highly prevalent and significantly associated with medication nonadherence. Nonadherence is significantly associated with increased healthcare resource use. Prevention, identification, and effective management of medication-induced side effects are important to maximize adherence and reduce health resource use in schizophrenia.
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