ArticleBMJ open2012
A case-control study examining whether neurological deficits and PTSD in combat veterans are related to episodes of mild TBI.
Article in BMJ open, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- RetrospectiveFrontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Mental health outcomes and rehabilitation challenges in children with orthopedic trauma: a public health survey from a pediatric rehabilitation center.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Olfactory dysfunction with traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic-stress symptoms in post-deployed military personnel.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- The Co-Occurrence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Depression in Individuals with and without Traumatic Brain Injury: A Comprehensive Investigation.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Relationship Between Headache Characteristics and a Remote History of TBI in Veterans: A 10-Year Retrospective Chart Review.Neurology · 2022Article
- Screening for Poor Self-Reported Sleep Quality at 12 Weeks in Post-Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Using the HF-Age-Gender (HAG) Index.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- A Decade of mTBI Experience: What Have We Learned? A Summary of Proceedings From a NATO Lecture Series on Military mTBI.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
- (-)-Phenserine and the prevention of pre-programmed cell death and neuroinflammation in mild traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease challenged mice.Neurobiology of disease · 2019Article
- Neuronal Enriched Extracellular Vesicle Proteins as Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of neurotrauma · 2019Review
- Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of PT302, a sustained-release Exenatide formulation, in a murine model of mild traumatic brain injury.Neurobiology of disease · 2019Article
- Using Next-Generation Sequencing Transcriptomics To Determine Markers of Post-traumatic Symptoms: Preliminary Findings from a Post-deployment Cohort of Soldiers.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019Article
- Structural and Functional Brain Alterations in Post-traumatic Headache Attributed to Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2019Review
- Interactive effects of cumulative lifetime traumatic brain injuries and combat exposure on posttraumatic stress among deployed military personnel.Cognitive behaviour therapy · 2019Article
- Interactive effects of traumatic brain injury and anxiety sensitivity on PTSD symptoms: A replication and extension in two clinical samples.Cognitive therapy and research · 2018Article
- Interactive effects of Traumatic Brain Injury and Anxiety Sensitivity Cognitive Concerns on Post-traumatic Stress among Active Duty Soldiers.Cognitive therapy and research · 2017Article
- Olfactory Function and Associated Clinical Correlates in Former National Football League Players.Journal of neurotrauma · 2017Article
- Olfaction as a soldier-- a review of the physiology and its present and future use in the military.Military Medical Research · 2017Review
- Traumatic Brain Injury as a Disorder of Brain Connectivity.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2016Review
- Pathophysiological links between traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic headaches.F1000Research · 2016Review
- Update on TBI and Cognitive Impairment in Military Veterans.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common injury among military personnel serving in Iraq or Afghanistan. The impact of repeated episodes of combat mTBI is unknown.
objectiveTo evaluate relationships among mTBI, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and neurological deficits (NDs) in US veterans who served in Iraq or Afghanistan.
methodsThis was a case-control study. From 2091 veterans screened for traumatic brain injury, the authors studied 126 who sustained mTBI with one or more episodes of loss of consciousness (LOC) in combat. Comparison groups: 21 combat veterans who had definite or possible episodes of mTBI without LOC and 21 veterans who sustained mTBI with LOC as civilians.
resultsAmong combat veterans with mTBI, 52% had NDs, 66% had PTSD and 50% had PTSD and an ND. Impaired olfaction was the most common ND, found in 65 veterans. The prevalence of an ND or PTSD correlated with the number of mTBI exposures with LOC. The prevalence of an ND or PTSD was >90% for more than five episodes of LOC. Severity of PTSD and impairment of olfaction increased with number of LOC episodes. The prevalence of an ND for the 34 combat veterans with one episode of LOC (4/34=11.8%) was similar to that of the 21 veterans of similar age and educational background who sustained civilian mTBI with one episode of LOC (2/21=9.5%, p-NS).
conclusionsImpaired olfaction was the most frequently recognised ND. Repeated episodes of combat mTBI were associated with increased likelihood of PTSD and an ND. Combat setting may not increase the likelihood of an ND. Two possible connections between mTBI and PTSD are (1) that circumstances leading to combat mTBI likely involve severe psychological trauma and (2) that altered cerebral functioning following mTBI may increase the likelihood that a traumatic event results in PTSD.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.