ArticleInfection and immunity2012
Toll-like receptor 2 ligand pretreatment attenuates retinal microglial inflammatory response but enhances phagocytic activity toward Staphylococcus aureus.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Resolvin D1 requires TLR2-FPR2 crosstalk for inflammation resolution and protection during ocular bacterial infection.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Proteomic profiling reveals immunomodulatory role of IL-33 in ocular bacterial and fungal infections.Infection and immunity · 2025Article
- Myeloid Cell-Specific Deletion of AMPKα1 Worsens Ocular Bacterial Infection by Skewing Macrophage Phenotypes.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- TLR2 and TLR4 Are Expressed in Epiretinal Membranes: Possible Links with Vitreous Levels of Complement Fragments and DAMP-Related Proteins.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Untargeted and temporal analysis of retinal lipidome in bacterial endophthalmitis.Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators · 2024Review
- The contribution of pattern recognition receptor signalling in the development of age related macular degeneration: the role of toll-like-receptors and the NLRP3-inflammasome.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Inflammation is a critical factor for successful regeneration of the adult zebrafish retina in response to diffuse light lesion.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
- Impaired Removal of the Damaged Mitochondria in the Metabolic Memory Phenomenon Associated with Continued Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- The Host-Pathogen Interplay: A Tale of Two Stories within the Cornea and Posterior Segment.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- TREM2 deficiency in microglia accelerates photoreceptor cell death and immune cell infiltration following retinal detachment.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- The Role of C-X-C Chemokines in Staphylococcus aureus Endophthalmitis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Impaired mitochondrial dynamics and removal of the damaged mitochondria in diabetic retinopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Transcriptomics and systems biology identify non-antibiotic drugs for the treatment of ocular bacterial infection.iScience · 2022Article
- Ascorbic acid along with ciprofloxacin regulates S. aureus induced microglial inflammatory responses and oxidative stress through TLR-2 and glucocorticoid receptor modulation.Inflammopharmacology · 2022Article
- Article
- Essential Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mediating IL-1β Production and the Pathobiology of Staphylococcus aureus Endophthalmitis.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Integrative metabolomics and transcriptomics identifies itaconate as an adjunct therapy to treat ocular bacterial infection.Cell reports. Medicine · 2021Article
- Histopathology of Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- Shaping the Microglia in Retinal Degenerative Diseases Using Stem Cell Therapy: Practice and Prospects.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- The Contribution of Microglia to the Development and Maturation of the Visual System.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of severe endophthalmitis, which often results in vision loss in some patients. Previously, we showed that Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligand pretreatment prevented the development of staphylococcal endophthalmitis in mice and suggested that microglia might be involved in this protective effect (Kumar A, Singh CN, Glybina IV, Mahmoud TH, Yu FS. J. Infect. Dis. 201:255-263, 2010). The aim of the present study was to understand how microglial innate response is modulated by TLR2 ligand pretreatment. Here, we demonstrate that S. aureus infection increased the CD11b(+) CD45(+) microglial/macrophage population in the C57BL/6 mouse retina. Using cultured primary retinal microglia and a murine microglial cell line (BV-2), we found that these cells express TLR2 and that its expression is increased upon stimulation with bacteria or an exclusive TLR2 ligand, Pam3Cys. Furthermore, challenge of primary retinal microglia with S. aureus and its cell wall components peptidoglycan (PGN) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) induced the secretion of proinflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] and MIP-2). This innate response was attenuated by a function-blocking anti-TLR2 antibody or by small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of TLR2. In order to assess the modulation of the innate response, microglia were pretreated with a low dose (0.1 or 1 μg/ml) of Pam3Cys and then challenged with live S. aureus. Our data showed that S. aureus-induced production of proinflammatory mediators is dramatically reduced in pretreated microglia. Importantly, microglia pretreated with the TLR2 agonist phagocytosed significantly more bacteria than unstimulated cells. Together, our data suggest that TLR2 plays an important role in retinal microglial innate response to S. aureus, and its sensitization inhibits inflammatory response while enhancing phagocytic activity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.