ArticleMolecular reproduction and development2012
A role for the Warburg effect in preimplantation embryo development: metabolic modification to support rapid cell proliferation.
Article in Molecular reproduction and development, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers.
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Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 269 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Sleeping Giant: Metabolism and Autophagy in the Generation and Survival of Dormant Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells.MedComm · 2026Review
- Creatine metabolism regulates trophectoderm formation in early mouse embryos via an energy-cytoskeleton-YAP axis.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Nitrogen fertilizer pollution and infant brain/CNS cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- PPARγ activation rescues oxidative stress-induced embryonic arrest by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling via GSK3β upregulation.iScience · 2026Article
- Impacts of Oxygen Tension on Developmental Competence of Preimplantation Embryos.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Metabolism and homeostasis of energy in trophoblast cells of the placenta: from development to disease†.Biology of reproduction · 2026Review
- BRAF Mutation Affects Intratumor Heterogeneity in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.Analytical cellular pathology (Amsterdam) · 2026Article
- On the potential origin of the zygote-like cancer stem cell with a focus on fusion for cell rescue.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- When bovine life begins in a petri dish: transcriptomic insights from embryos to calves conceived in vitro.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2026Review
- Bridging the gap between basic research and commercial application at scale for in vitro bovine embryo production.Animal reproduction · 2026Article
- Metabolic Plasticity in Embryogenesis Throughout the Lens of NADMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Review
- The nuclear and mitochondrial genomes need to tango. How is their dance synchronized during development?NAR molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Research progress on protein lactylation in female reproductive disease: molecular mechanisms, functions, and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Targeting EGFR-REM2-CaCellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicles, Lipid Droplets and AhR Ligands in Early Implantation: The Dynamics of Embryo-Maternal Crosstalk.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Abundance of Maternal Mitochondrial Genome Is Dispensable up to the Mitochondrial Genome Activation in Post-Implantation Embryos.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Potential of growth factors and steroid hormones from cell cultures to improveOpen veterinary journal · 2025Review
- Reduced HSP70 expression under mild hypothermia is involved in bovine embryo growth suppression.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2025Article
- Integrated ultrasensitive metabolomics and single-cell transcriptomics identify crucial regulators of sheep oocyte maturation and early embryo development in vitro.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- Delayed blastocyst development is associated with altered metabolism and proteome in male and female bovine embryos†.Biology of reproduction · 2025Article
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In this essay, we propose that embryos express a metabolic phenotype necessarily different from that of differentiated somatic cells and more like that of rapidly proliferating cancer cells. This metabolic adaptation, known as the Warburg effect, supports rapid cell proliferation. One of the hallmarks of the Warburg effect is that pyruvate is directed away from the tri-carboxylic acid cycle and metabolized to lactate, resulting in a buildup of glycolytic intermediates. Although this is a comparatively inefficient way to generate ATP, this adaptation allows the cell to meet other critical metabolic requirements, including biomass production and redox regulation. Thus, utilization of WE gives proliferating cells a selective growth advantage. This model represents a completely new understanding of embryo metabolism in the context of a broad, interconnected network of metabolic mechanisms that influence viability, versus the current dogma of carbohydrate metabolism via oxidative phosphorylation. A more complete understanding of embryo metabolism is critical to better support embryo viability in vitro, and to avoid forcing embryos to adapt to suboptimal culture conditions at a significant cost to future growth and development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.