ReviewMolecular neurobiology2012
The hypocretin/orexin system: implications for drug reward and relapse.
Review in Molecular neurobiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02832336 (The Effect of Caffeine on the Narcoleptic Patients Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Caffeine on the Narcoleptic Patients Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Orexin System in Addiction: Neuromodulatory Interactions and Therapeutic Potential.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Orexin and Lifestyle Habits: A Meaningful Connection Among Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Sleep Pattern in Health and Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Behavioral economics of polysubstance use: The role of orexin-1 receptors in nicotine-induced augmentation of synthetic opioid consumption.Neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- Neurobiology of Stress-Induced Nicotine Relapse.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Solving the Global Opioid Crisis: Incorporating Genetic Addiction Risk Assessment with Personalized Dopaminergic Homeostatic Therapy and Awareness Integration Therapy.Journal of addiction psychiatry · 2024Article
- Use of experimental medicine approaches for the development of novel psychiatric treatments based on orexin receptor modulation.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2023Review
- Estradiol-dependent hypocretinergic/orexinergic behaviors throughout the estrous cycle.Psychopharmacology · 2023Review
- Actions of feeding-related peptides on the mesolimbic dopamine system in regulation of natural and drug rewards.Addiction neuroscience · 2022Article
- Altered mRNA Levels of Stress-Related Peptides in Mouse Hippocampus and Caudate-Putamen in Withdrawal after Long-Term Intermittent Exposure to Tobacco Smoke or Electronic Cigarette Vapour.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Article
- High-fat diet induces time-dependent synaptic plasticity of the lateral hypothalamus.Molecular metabolism · 2020Article
- Sex Differences in Escalated Methamphetamine Self-Administration and Altered Gene Expression Associated With Incubation of Methamphetamine Seeking.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Article
- Anti-stress neuropharmacological mechanisms and targets for addiction treatment: A translational framework.Neurobiology of stress · 2018Review
- The hypocretin/orexin system as a target for excessive motivation in alcohol use disorders.Psychopharmacology · 2018Review
- Promotion of the Unfolding Protein Response in Orexin/Dynorphin Neurons in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS): Elevated pPERK and ATF4 Expression.Molecular neurobiology · 2017Article
- Feeding-modulatory effects of mu-opioids in the medial prefrontal cortex: a review of recent findings and comparison to opioid actions in the nucleus accumbens.Psychopharmacology · 2017Review
- Orexin/hypocretin-1 receptor antagonism reduces ethanol self-administration and reinstatement selectively in highly-motivated rats.Brain research · 2017Article
- Orexins contribute to restraint stress-induced cocaine relapse by endocannabinoid-mediated disinhibition of dopaminergic neurons.Nature communications · 2016Article
- Prefrontal Cortical Opioids and Dysregulated Motivation: A Network Hypothesis.Trends in neurosciences · 2016Review
- Involvement of the orexin/hypocretin system in the pharmacological effects induced by Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol.British journal of pharmacology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hypocretins (also known as orexins) are hypothalamic neuropeptides involved in the regulation of sleep/wake states and feeding behavior. Recent studies have also demonstrated an important role for the hypocretin/orexin system in the addictive properties of drugs of abuse, consistent with the reciprocal innervations between hypocretin neurons and brain areas involved in reward processing. This system participates in the primary reinforcing effects of opioids, nicotine, and alcohol. Hypocretins are also involved in the neurobiological mechanisms underlying relapse to drug-seeking behavior induced by drug-related environmental stimuli and stress, as mainly described in the case of psychostimulants. Based on these preclinical studies, the use of selective ligands targeting hypocretin receptors could represent a new therapeutical strategy for the treatment of substance abuse disorders. In this review, we discuss and update the current knowledge about the participation of the hypocretin system in drug addiction and the possible neurobiological mechanisms involved in these processes regulated by hypocretin transmission.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.