ReviewPhysiology & behavior2012
Neuropeptide regulation of fear and anxiety: Implications of cholecystokinin, endogenous opioids, and neuropeptide Y.
Review in Physiology & behavior, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 155 citations in OpenAlex.
- The nature of individual differences in inhibited temperament and risk for psychiatric disease: A review and meta-analysis.Progress in neurobiology · 2015Pooled it
- Study on the cognitive effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: proposed active mechanisms.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2026Article
- The role of enteroendocrine cells, hormones, and gut microbiota in anorexia nervosa: a complex interplay of the microbiome-gut-brain axis.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2025/26: G protein-coupled receptors.British journal of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Neuropeptide Y neurons surrounding the locus coeruleus inhibit noradrenergic system activity to reduce anxiety.Science advances · 2025Article
- Comparative Perspectives on Neuropeptide Function and Social Isolation.Biological psychiatry · 2025Review
- A New Insight into the Role of CART Peptide in Serotonergic Function and Anxiety.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Neural circuits regulation of satiation.Appetite · 2024Review
- Could Insulin Be a Better Regulator of Appetite/Satiety Balance and Body Weight Maintenance in Response to Glucose Exposure Compared to Sucrose Substitutes? Unraveling Current Knowledge and Searching for More Appropriate Choices.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Basolateral amygdala neuropeptide Y system modulates binge ethanol consumption.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Neuron Navigator 1 (Nav1) regulates the response to cocaine in mice.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Electric shock causes a fleeing-like persistent behavioral response in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.Genetics · 2023Article
- The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: G protein-coupled receptors.British journal of pharmacology · 2023Article
- Peptidergic and functional delineation of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus.Cell reports · 2023Article
- A pharmacological challenge paradigm to assess neural signatures of script-elicited acute dissociation in women with post-traumatic stress disorder.BJPsych open · 2023Article
- Neuropathic pain: Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Biological and cognitive theories explaining panic disorder: A narrative review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Review
- Therapeutic Implications of microRNAs in Depressive Disorders: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Neuropeptides and small-molecule amine transmitters: cooperative signaling in the nervous system.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Review
- Brain systems in cocaine abstinence-induced anxiety-like behavior in rodents: A review.Addiction neuroscience · 2022Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The neural circuitry of fear likely underlies anxiety and fear-related disorders such as specific and social phobia, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The primary pharmacological treatments currently utilized for these disorders include benzodiazepines, which act on the GABAergic receptor system, and antidepressants, which modulate the monamine systems. However, recent work on the regulation of fear neural circuitry suggests that specific neuropeptide modulation of this system is of critical importance. Recent reviews have examined the roles of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis neuropeptides as well as the roles of neurotrophic factors in regulating fear. The present review, instead, will focus on three neuropeptide systems which have received less attention in recent years but which are clearly involved in regulating fear and its extinction. The endogenous opioid system, particularly activating the μ opioid receptors, has been demonstrated to regulate fear expression and extinction, possibly through functioning as an error signal within the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray to mark unreinforced conditioned stimuli. The cholecystokinin (CCK) system initially led to much excitement through its potential role in panic disorder. More recent work in the CCK neuropeptide pathway suggests that it may act in concordance with the endogenous cannabinoid system in the modulation of fear inhibition and extinction. Finally, older as well as very recent data suggests that neuropeptide Y (NPY) may play a very interesting role in counteracting stress effects, enhancing extinction, and enhancing resilience in fear and stress preclinical models. Future work in understanding the mechanisms of neuropeptide functioning, particularly within well-known behavioral circuits, are likely to provide fascinating new clues into the understanding of fear behavior as well as suggesting novel therapeutics for treating disorders of anxiety and fear dysregulation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.