ArticleBMC public health2012
Smoking and health-related quality of life in English general population: implications for economic evaluations.
Article in BMC public health, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 160 citations in OpenAlex.
- Motivational support intervention to reduce smoking and increase physical activity in smokers not ready to quit: the TARS RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Cessation of smoking in people attending UK emergency departments: the COSTED RCT with economic and process evaluation.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2025Trial
- Cost-utility analysis of provision of e-cigarette starter kits for smoking cessation in emergency departments: An economic evaluation of a randomized controlled trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of e-cigarettes compared with nicotine replacement therapy in stop smoking services in England (TEC study): a randomized controlled trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2020Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of enhancing a Quit-and-Win smoking cessation program for college students.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2018Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of personal tailored risk information and taster sessions to increase the uptake of the NHS stop smoking services: the Start2quit randomized controlled trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2018Trial
- Cost-Effectiveness of Integrating Tobacco Cessation Into Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation treatment initiated during psychiatric hospitalization: analysis from a randomized, controlled trial.The Journal of clinical psychiatry · 2015Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of extended cessation treatment for older smokers.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2014Trial
- Targeting health-related quality of life issues not found with functional outcome measures a year after aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage in a Swedish national cohort.Acta neurochirurgica · 2026Article
- Variations in health-related quality of life across sociodemographic groups, health conditions, and modifiable risk factors: a population-based EQ-5D-3L study.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic and regional inequalities in health-related quality of life in Bhutan: a nationally representative cross-sectional study.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Lung Cancer Screening in a Population from Northeast Italy Exposed to Both Asbestos and Smoking: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Association between use of combustible cigarettes and noncombustible nicotine or tobacco products and health-related quality of life in Korean men: a nationwide population-based study.Korean journal of family medicine · 2025Article
- Implementing a smoke-free generation policy for Canada: estimates of the long-term impacts.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2025Article
- Factors associated with health-related quality of life 1 year after COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in Sweden.Upsala journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Association between smoking status and health-related quality of life: a study on differences among age groups.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Health-related quality of life and associated factors in elderly individuals with dyslipidemia in rural Northern China.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Wellbeing in Addiction Recovery: Does It Differ across Addictions?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Men's Smoking Trajectories and Health-Related Quality of Life in the Whole Family: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.Iranian journal of public health · 2023Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLittle is known as to how health-related quality of life (HRQoL) when measured by generic instruments such as EQ-5D differ across smokers, ex-smokers and never-smokers in the general population; whether the overall pattern of this difference remain consistent in each domain of HRQoL; and what implications this variation, if any, would have for economic evaluations of tobacco control interventions.
methodsUsing the 2006 round of Health Survey for England data (n = 13,241), this paper aims to examine the impact of smoking status on health-related quality of life in English population. Depending upon the nature of the EQ-5D data (i.e. tariff or domains), linear or logistic regression models were fitted to control for biology, clinical conditions, socio-economic background and lifestyle factors that an individual may have regardless of their smoking status. Age- and gender-specific predicted values according to smoking status are offered as the potential 'utility' values to be used in future economic evaluation models.
resultsThe observed difference of 0.1100 in EQ-5D scores between never-smokers (0.8839) and heavy-smokers (0.7739) reduced to 0.0516 after adjusting for biological, clinical, lifestyle and socioeconomic conditions. Heavy-smokers, when compared with never-smokers, were significantly more likely to report some/severe problems in all five domains--mobility (67%), self-care (70%), usual activity (42%), pain/discomfort (46%) and anxiety/depression (86%). 'Utility' values by age and gender for each category of smoking are provided to be used in the future economic evaluations.
conclusionSmoking is significantly and negatively associated with health-related quality of life in English general population and the magnitude of this association is determined by the number of cigarettes smoked. The varying degree of this association, captured through instruments such as EQ-5D, may need to be fed into the design of future economic evaluations where the intervention being evaluated affects (e.g. tobacco control) or is affected (e.g. treatment for lung cancer) by individual's (or patients') smoking status.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.