ArticlePharmacoEconomics2012
Mechanism-based approach to the economic evaluation of pharmaceuticals: pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic/pharmacoeconomic analysis of rituximab for follicular lymphoma.
Article in PharmacoEconomics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Precision in Pharmacoeconomics: A Comparative Cost-Utility Analysis of Osimertinib in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Using Traditional and Pharmacometric Models.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2026Article
- Comment on "The Importance of Structured Expert Elicitation to Inform Outcomes Following Treatment Discontinuation: Evidence Assessment Group Perspective".PharmacoEconomics · 2026Article
- Comparative Analysis of Traditional and Pharmacometric-Based Pharmacoeconomic Modeling in the Cost-Utility Evaluation of Sunitinib Therapy.PharmacoEconomics · 2025Article
- Incorporating Pharmacometrics into Pharmacoeconomic Models: Applications from Drug Development.PharmacoEconomics · 2020Article
- Precision Dosing Priority Criteria: Drug, Disease, and Patient Population Variables.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
- Treatment Patterns and Health Care Costs in Commercially Insured Patients with Follicular Lymphoma.Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2020Article
- A Generic Model for Follicular Lymphoma: Predicting Cost, Life Expectancy, and Quality-Adjusted-Life-Year Using UK Population-Based Observational Data.Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2018Observational
- The use of mechanistic evidence in drug approval.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2018Article
- Innovation at the Intersection of Clinical Trials and Real-World Data Science to Advance Patient Care.Clinical and translational science · 2018Review
- Integration of PKPD relationships into benefit-risk analysis.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2015Review
- Integrated Simulation Framework for Toxicity, Dose Intensity, Disease Progression, and Cost Effectiveness for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treatment With Eribulin.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2015Article
- Estimating utility values for vesicoureteral reflux in the general public using an online tool.Journal of pediatric urology · 2014Article
- Pharmacoeconomics.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesEconomic value is an important consideration during all phases of the drug development process. We previously published an article in PharmacoEconomics in which we described a mechanism-based economic modelling approach that incorporates data obtained during phase II clinical studies on the relationships between dose, exposure and response. We now describe case studies of rituximab for the treatment of follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma based on this methodology.
methodsWe utilized a population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model linking serum rituximab concentration to progression-free survival, to simulate the effectiveness of rituximab in various clinical contexts. These served as inputs to economic models of follicular lymphoma, based on National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) appraisals, to assess the cost effectiveness of rituximab. Our results were compared with trial-based estimates from the NICE appraisals. In a further analysis, we simulated the results of an ongoing trial to generate predictions of cost effectiveness.
resultsOur analyses suggest an acceptable degree of concordance between simulation- and trial-based estimates of cost effectiveness. For first-line and maintenance therapy, deviations of £2,099 and £1,355 per QALY, respectively, from trial-based incremental cost-effectiveness ratio estimates of £8,290 and £7,721 per QALY gained would not affect reimbursement decisions. The probability of rituximab-containing regimens being cost effective at £20,000 and £30,000 per QALY thresholds was 1 for both first-line and maintenance therapy in both simulated and trial-based analyses.
conclusionsOur analyses demonstrate the feasibility of mechanism-based economic analyses, which may have applications during drug development to the following: (i) directing future research based on the cost of reducing uncertainty; (ii) assessing subgroups, dosing schedules and protocol deviations; and (iii) informing strategic research and development and pricing decisions.
Indexed as
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22428718What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.