ArticleBone2012
Effect of co-morbidities on fracture risk: findings from the Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women (GLOW).
Article in Bone, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Management of Osteoporosis in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Pooled it
- Executive summary: Italian guidelines for diagnosis, risk stratification, and care continuity of fragility fractures 2021.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- The prevalence of osteoporosis/osteopenia in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS): a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical guidelines for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis: summary statements and recommendations from the Italian Society for Orthopaedics and Traumatology.Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology · 2017Guideline
- Bones of contention: bone mineral density recovery in celiac disease--a systematic review.Nutrients · 2015Pooled it
- Multiple sclerosis increases fracture risk: a meta-analysis.BioMed research international · 2015Pooled it
- Bone health in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2014Pooled it
- Parkinson's disease and risk of fracture: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- High-sensitivity CRP is an independent risk factor for all fractures and vertebral fractures in elderly men: the MrOS Sweden study.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2014Trial
- Assessing and managing bone health and fracture risk in Parkinson's disease: the BONE PARK 2 protocol.Age and ageing · 2025Article
- Bone health in Parkinson's disease: a comprehensive review of bone involvement and its pathophysiological mechanisms.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Mechanisms of osteoporosis associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2024Review
- Spinal osteoarthritis is a risk of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Osteoporosis in Parkinson's disease and the role of lean body mass: a cross-sectional study in a Brazilian tertiary center.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Chaudhuri's Dashboard of Vitals in Parkinson's syndrome: an unmet need underpinned by real life clinical tests.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- The Dashboard Vitals of Parkinson's: Not to Be Missed Yet an Unmet Need.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Cumulative Endogenous Estrogen Exposure Is Associated With Postmenopausal Fracture Risk: The Women's Health Initiative Study.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2022Article
- Evaluating the performance of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) in fracture risk prediction and developing a new Charlson Fracture Index (CFI): a register-based cohort study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2022Article
- Bone Quality in Patients with Parkinson's Disease Determined by Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) of the Calcaneus: Influence of Sex Differences.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
25 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionGreater awareness of the relationship between co-morbidities and fracture risk may improve fracture-prediction algorithms such as FRAX. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe used a large, multinational cohort study (GLOW) to investigate the effect of co-morbidities on fracture risk. Women completed a baseline questionnaire detailing past medical history, including co-morbidity history and fracture. They were re-contacted annually to determine incident clinical fractures. A co-morbidity index, defined as number of baseline co-morbidities, was derived. The effect of adding the co-morbidity index to FRAX risk factors on fracture prevention was examined using chi-squared tests, the May-Hosmer test, c index and comparison of predicted versus observed fracture rates.
resultsOf 52,960 women with follow-up data, enrolled between October 2006 and February 2008, 3224 (6.1%) sustained an incident fracture over 2 years. All recorded co-morbidities were significantly associated with fracture, except for high cholesterol, hypertension, celiac disease, and cancer. The strongest association was seen with Parkinson's disease (age-adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.6-3.1; P<0.001). Co-morbidities that contributed most to fracture prediction in a Cox regression model with FRAX risk factors as additional predictors were: Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, osteoarthritis, and heart disease.
conclusionCo-morbidities, as captured in a co-morbidity index, contributed significantly to fracture risk in this study population. Parkinson's disease carried a particularly high risk of fracture; and increasing co-morbidity index was associated with increasing fracture risk. Addition of co-morbidity index to FRAX risk factors improved fracture prediction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.