ReviewNature neuroscience2012
Plasticity in gray and white: neuroimaging changes in brain structure during learning.
Review in Nature neuroscience, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 778 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
778 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,692 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroplasticity in adult second language learning: a systematic scoping review of structural and functional neuroimaging evidence.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of physical exercise on aggressive behavior in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Executive Function Strengths in Athletes: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Outcome measures for electric field modeling in tES and TMS: A systematic review and large-scale modeling study.NeuroImage · 2023Pooled it
- Associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise with brain white matter in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Brain imaging and behavior · 2022Pooled it
- Epigenome-wide association study of global cortical volumes in generation Scotland: Scottish family health study.Epigenetics · 2022Pooled it
- Neuroplastic white matter changes in patients with major depression following lysergic acid diethylamide treatment.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Trial
- Contribution of structural and functional MRI in predicting response to motor training in multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Trial
- Clinical Study on the Neuroprotective Effects of Dengzhan Shengmai Capsule on Brain Structure and Cognitive Function in Patients with Vascular Cognitive Impairment.Current Alzheimer research · 2026Trial
- Effects of cognitive rehabilitation and exercise on brain structure in progressive multiple sclerosis: results from the CogEx trial.Journal of neurology · 2025Trial
- EEG-fMRI neurofeedback versus motor imagery after stroke, a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Macro and micro structural preservation of grey matter integrity after 24 weeks of rTMS in Alzheimer's disease patients: a pilot study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Trial
- Effects of computerized cognitive training on functional brain networks in patients with vascular cognitive impairment and no dementia.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Trial
- Microstructural and functional plasticity following repeated brain stimulation during cognitive training in older adults.Nature communications · 2023Trial
- The insula modulates the effects of aerobic training on cardiovascular function and ambulation in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2023Trial
- Adaptive working memory training does not produce transfer effects in cognition and neuroimaging.Translational psychiatry · 2022Trial
- Thalamo-cortical white matter connectivity-defined thalamic subarea volumes predict individual delay discounting.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Immune proteomic associations with indices of cortical development in 5-year-old children.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- Postnatal maturation of putamen microstructure accompanies topographic white matter connectivity and altered circuits in autism.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- EEG-Based Characterization of Learning Potential-Related Neural Representations via Dynamic Assessment Tasks.Journal of Intelligence · 2026Article
718 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human brain imaging has identified structural changes in gray and white matter that occur with learning. However, ascribing imaging measures to underlying cellular and molecular events is challenging. Here we review human neuroimaging findings of structural plasticity and then discuss cellular and molecular level changes that could underlie observed imaging effects. Greater dialog between researchers in these different fields would help to facilitate cross-talk between cellular and systems level explanations of how learning sculpts brain structure.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.