ArticleClinical and experimental immunology1990
Intra-articular immunization induces strong systemic immune response in humans.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 1990. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Comprehensive Review of Auto- and Allogeneic Chondrocyte Transplantation in Animals and Humans From 1965 to 2025.Cartilage · 2025Article
- Risk for Shoulder Conditions After Vaccination: A Population-Based Study Using Real-World Data.Annals of internal medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Shoulder Injury after Vaccination: A Systematic Review.Revista brasileira de ortopedia · 2021Article
- Influenza Vaccination Is Not Associated with Increased Number of Visits for Shoulder Pain.Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2020Article
- Antigen-presenting cells in rheumatoid arthritis.Springer seminars in immunopathology · 1998Review
- Evidence for differential effects of sulphasalazine on systemic and mucosal immunity in rheumatoid arthritis.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 1995Article
- The gut as an inductive site for synovial and extra-articular immune responses in rheumatoid arthritis.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 1994Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is no information available about immunological interactions between the synovial tissue compartment and systemic immunity in health and in disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate effects of intra-articular immunization on the systemic immune responses in humans. Control subjects were immunized with the same dose of immunogen subcutaneously. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were analysed by spot-ELISA with respect to numbers of immunoglobulin-producing cells and antigen-specific antibody-secreting cells before and 1 week after immunization. Serum and salivary antibody levels were measured by an ELISA before and 14 days after the antigenic exposure. In addition, serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) were analysed before and after immunization. The results indicate that the influenza virus antigen deposited in the joint space induces strong systemic antibody response of IgG, IgA and IgM classes. This response is significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than that of control subjects immunized subcutaneously. In contrast, no significant differences were detected between intra-articularly and subcutaneously immunized subjects with respect to mucosal immune responses. Increased serum levels of IL-6 were observed 1-2 weeks after the vaccination in both experimental groups. We conclude that human joints possess very efficient antigen-presenting properties enhancing systemic B cell reactivity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.