Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22425671›Full record

ArticleNeuroImage2012

Detection of calcifications in vivo and ex vivo after brain injury in rat using SWIFT.

Lauri Juhani Lehto, Alejandra Sierra, Curtis Andrew Corum, Jinjin Zhang, Djaudat Idiyatullin, Asla Pitkänen, Michael Garwood, Olli Gröhn

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NeuroImage, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. A Sub-Microsecond Switch Enabling SWIFTMagnetic resonance in medicine · 2026
    Article
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  5. Review
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  8. Review
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  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Gradient-modulated SWIFT.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2016
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Phase imaging in brain using SWIFT.Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997) · 2015
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Lauri Juhani LehtoDepartment of Neurobiology, Biomedical Imaging Unit, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Alejandra Sierra
Curtis Andrew Corum
Jinjin Zhang
Djaudat Idiyatullin
Asla Pitkänen
Michael Garwood
Olli Gröhn
University of Eastern Finland · FIResonance Research (United States) · USUniversity of Minnesota · US

Funding

ZOOMED FUNCT IMAGING IN HUMAN BRAIN AT 7T W/ SIMULT HIGH SPATIAL &TEMPORAL RESP41RR008079 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI VAN DE MOORTELE, PIERRE-FRANCOIS · 1993 to 2011
$16.3M
Neuroscience Cores For MR Studies of the BrainP30NS057091 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI UGURBIL, KAMIL · 2006 to 2011
$8.5M
Next Generation Pediatric Neuroimaging (NGPN) DevelopmentR44MH122028 · NIMH · CHAMPAIGN IMAGING, LLC · PI Curtis Andrew Corum · 2024 to 2026
$4.3M
Improved Breast DCE MRI with SWIFTR21CA139688 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI CORUM, CURTIS ANDREW · 2009 to 2010
$527k
4 Tesla Human MRI/MRS Console UpgradeS10RR023730 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI GARWOOD, MICHAEL G · 2007 to 2007
$500k
NCI NIH HHS R21 CA139688NCRR NIH HHS P41 RR008079NCRR NIH HHS S10 RR023730NIMH NIH HHS R44 MH122028NINDS NIH HHS P30 NS057091
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Calcifications represent one component of pathology in many brain diseases. With MRI, they are most often detected by exploiting negative contrast in magnitude images. Calcifications are more diamagnetic than tissue, leading to a magnetic field disturbance that can be seen in phase MR images. Most phase imaging studies use gradient recalled echo based pulse sequences. Here, the phase component of SWIFT, a virtually zero acquisition delay sequence, was used to detect calcifications ex vivo and in vivo in rat models of status epilepticus and traumatic brain injury. Calcifications were detected in phase and imaginary SWIFT images based on their dipole like magnetic field disturbances. In magnitude SWIFT images, calcifications were distinguished as hypointense and hyperintense. Hypointense calcifications showed large crystallized granules with few surrounding inflammatory cells, while hyperintense calcifications contained small granules with the presence of more inflammatory cells. The size of the calcifications in SWIFT magnitude images correlated with that in Alizarin stained histological sections. Our data indicate that SWIFT is likely to better preserve signal in the proximity of a calcification or other field perturber in comparison to gradient echo due to its short acquisition delay and broad excitation bandwidth. Furthermore, a quantitative description for the phase contrast near dipole magnetic field inhomogeneities for the SWIFT pulse sequence is given. In vivo detection of calcifications provides a tool to probe the progression of pathology in neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, it appears to provide a surrogate marker for inflammatory cells around the calcifications after brain injury.

Indexed as

AnimalsBrainBrain InjuriesCalcinosisFourier AnalysisImage Processing, Computer-AssistedImmunohistochemistryMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleRatsRats, WistarStatus Epilepticus

Identifiers

PMID22425671
PMCPMC3376208
OpenAlexW1980539857

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.