ArticleJournal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus2012
Accommodative lag and refractive error in infants and toddlers.
Article in Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ocular findings in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A systematic literature review and results of a Dutch multicenter study.American journal of medical genetics. Part A · 2022Pooled it
- Attention to text and pictures during storybook reading in preschool children with moderate hyperopia.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2026Article
- Amplitude of Accommodation Measured by Closed-Field Autorefractometer in Children With Bilateral High Hyperopia.Beyoglu eye journal · 2026Article
- How Do Most Young Moderate Hyperopes Avoid Strabismus?Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Tweenager Computer Visual Syndrome Due to Tablets and Laptops during the Postlockdown COVID-19 Pandemic and the Influence on the Binocular and Accommodative System.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- The biometric parameters of aniso-astigmatism and its risk factor in Chinese preschool children: the Nanjing eye study.BMC ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Performance of Glow Fixation GoCheck Kids and 2WIN Photoscreeners and Retinomax to Uncover Hyperopia.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Article
- Impact of Cognitive Demand during Sustained Near Tasks in Children and Adults.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2018Article
- Visual Function of Moderately Hyperopic 4- and 5-Year-Old Children in the Vision in Preschoolers - Hyperopia in Preschoolers Study.American journal of ophthalmology · 2016Article
- Six Year Refractive Change among White Children and Young Adults: Evidence for Significant Increase in Myopia among White UK Children.PloS one · 2016Article
- Subjective versus objective accommodative amplitude: preschool to presbyopia.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2014Article
- Why do only some hyperopes become strabismic?Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2013Review
- Developmental changes in the balance of disparity, blur, and looming/proximity cues to drive ocular alignment and focus.Perception · 2013Article
- Which hyperopic patients are destined for trouble?Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · 2012Article
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Abstract
purposeTo measure accommodative performance as a function of refractive error in very young children.
methodsThis was a prospective study of accommodation lag in multiethnic typically developing children ages 5 to 24 months. Accommodation lag was measured by means of a modified bell retinoscopy technique. Refraction was measured by cycloplegic retinoscopy, and right and left eye results were averaged. The study compared accommodative performance to cycloplegic spherical equivalent and astigmatic refractive error.
resultsAnalysis of data from 189 of 203 subjects revealed that larger lags and lower gain of the accommodative response were more common in younger children, although most children of all ages accommodated well, with 95% having lags <1.25 D. Larger accommodation lags were associated with greater spherical equivalent refractive error, although only with hyperopia ≥4.0 D were lags ≥1.25 D observed in a majority of children. Larger lags in the more hyperopic meridian were seen with increasing hyperopic with-the-rule astigmatism, but lag in the more hyperopic meridian varied little with the amount of myopic or mixed astigmatism.
conclusionsMost 5- to 24-month-old children accommodate well over a range of moderate hyperopic refractive errors, but hyperopia ≥4.0 D is rarely associated with normal accommodative performance. Hyperopic and mixed or myopic astigmatic children show different patterns of accommodation, which may explain the patterns of visual acuity deficits seen in these children.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.