SynthesisBulletin of the World Health Organization2012
Effect of cotrimoxazole on mortality in HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The prevalence of laboratory-confirmed Pneumocystis jirovecii in HIV-infected adults in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medical mycology · 2021Pooled it
- Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2016Guideline
- Executive Summary: Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2016Guideline
- Assessment of the impact of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis on key outcomes among HIV-infected adults in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Pooled it
- Safety of cotrimoxazole in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2014Pooled it
- The prevalence and antifolate drug resistance profiles of Plasmodium falciparum in study participants randomized to discontinue or continue cotrimoxazole prophylaxis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Trial
- Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis Discontinuation among Antiretroviral-Treated HIV-1-Infected Adults in Kenya: A Randomized Non-inferiority Trial.PLoS medicine · 2016Trial
- Safety of discontinuing cotrimoxazole prophylaxis among HIV infected adults on anti-retroviral therapy in Uganda (COSTOP trial): Design.Contemporary clinical trials · 2015Trial
- A randomized trial of prolonged co-trimoxazole in HIV-infected children in Africa.The New England journal of medicine · 2014Trial
- Tertiary-care management of TB/HIV co-infection in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: A retrospective cohort analysis.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
- Nonadherence to tuberculosis treatment and associated factors among patients using directly observed treatment short-course in north-west Nigeria: A cross-sectional study.SAGE open medicine · 2021Article
- Article
- Factors Affecting Adherence to Co-Trimoxazole Preventive Therapy in HIV/AIDS Patients Attending an Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic in Ethiopia University Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study.Patient preference and adherence · 2020Article
- Outcomes and factors affecting mortality and successful tracing among patients lost to follow-up from antiretroviral therapy in Pawi Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.Tropical medicine and health · 2019Article
- Trends in Prevalence of Advanced HIV Disease at Antiretroviral Therapy Enrollment - 10 Countries, 2004-2015.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2017Article
- Rectal microbiota among HIV-uninfected, untreated HIV, and treated HIV-infected in Nigeria.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Article
- Survival of HIV-1 vertically infected children.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2016Article
- Extensive antibiotic prescription rate among hospitalized patients in Uganda: but with frequent missed-dose days.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2016Article
- Effect of increased ART-CPT uptake on tuberculosis outcomes and associated factors, Burundi, 2009-2013.Public health action · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine whether cotrimoxazole reduces mortality in adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in low- and middle-income countries through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
methodsPubMed and Embase were searched for randomized controlled trials and prospective and retrospective cohort studies that compared mortality or morbidity in HIV-infected individuals aged ≥ 13 years on cotrimoxazole and ART and on ART alone. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to assess selection, confounding and measurement bias. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's and Begg's tests. Sensitivity analysis was performed because the I-squared statistic indicated substantial heterogeneity in study results. A random-effects model was used for meta-analysis.
findingsNine studies were included. Begg and Egger P-values for the seven that reported the effect of cotrimoxazole on mortality were 0.29 and 0.49, respectively, suggesting no publication bias. The I-squared statistic was 93.2%, indicating high heterogeneity in study results. The sensitivity analysis showed that neither the follow-up duration nor the percentage of individuals with World Health Organization stage 3 or 4 HIV disease at baseline explained the heterogeneity. The summary estimate of the effect of cotrimoxazole on the incidence rate of death was 0.42 (95% confidence interval: 0.29-0.61). Since most studies followed participants for less than 1 year, it was not possible to determine whether cotrimoxazole can be stopped safely after ART-induced immune reconstitution.
conclusionCotrimoxazole significantly increased survival in HIV-infected adults on ART. Further research is needed to determine the optimum duration of cotrimoxazole treatment in these patients.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.