Trial reportClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2012
Increased risk of noninfluenza respiratory virus infections associated with receipt of inactivated influenza vaccine.
Trial report in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 185 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Use of Test-negative Controls to Monitor Vaccine Effectiveness: A Systematic Review of Methodology.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2020Pooled it
- Estimating Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness With the Test-Negative Design Using Alternative Control Groups: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.American journal of epidemiology · 2018Pooled it
- Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Vaccines for preventing influenza in the elderly.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Decreased risk of non-influenza respiratory infection after influenza B virus infection in children.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Interference Between Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Rhinovirus Infection in Infancy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Trial
- Antigen anisotropy: The overlooked geometric determinant of vaccine immunogenicity and fidelity.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Immune Priming and the Risk of COVID-19, Influenza, and Other Acute Respiratory Infections: Insights From an N3C Cohort.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Potential Non-Specific Benefits of Seasonal Influenza Vaccination: Evidence, Knowledge Gaps, and Future Directions.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Lifestyle factors or protective behaviors: which are more strongly associated with upper respiratory tract infections after COVID-19? A cross-sectional study of 1,535 Chinese college students.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Interactions between zoonotic pathogens and infectious disease spread: Why understanding mechanisms and modelling matters more than ever.Biosafety and health · 2025Review
- The role of viral interaction in household transmission of symptomatic influenza and respiratory syncytial virus.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Coinfections and superinfections in critically ill COVID-19 patients in Ecuador: a cross-sectional study of bacterial and viral pathogens.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Characterizing the interactions between influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses and their implications for epidemic control.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Identifying the Risk Factors of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes among Women with COVID-19: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in Southern Iran.Journal of caring sciences · 2024Article
- Specific and Nonspecific Effects of Influenza Vaccines.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Do Pentavalent (DTwP-Hib-HBV) vaccines have sex-differential nonspecific effects? An observational study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Observational
- Interactions among acute respiratory viruses in Beijing, Chongqing, Guangzhou, and Shanghai, China, 2009-2019.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Article
- [¿Disminuye la vacunación antigripal el riesgo de COVID-19? Estudio de casos y controles en un centro de Atención Primaria durante el año 2020.]Revista espanola de salud publica · 2023Article
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We randomized 115 children to trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) or placebo. Over the following 9 months, TIV recipients had an increased risk of virologically-confirmed non-influenza infections (relative risk: 4.40; 95% confidence interval: 1.31-14.8). Being protected against influenza, TIV recipients may lack temporary non-specific immunity that protected against other respiratory viruses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.