SynthesisClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2012
Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on otitis media: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 133 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibiotic treatment to prevent pediatric acute otitis media infectious complications: A meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing acute otitis media in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Bacterial otitis media in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing acute otitis media in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- The Clinical Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2016Pooled it
- Efficacy of 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine against acute otitis media and nasopharyngeal carriage in Panamanian children - A randomized controlled trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2017Trial
- Efficacy of pneumococcal nontypable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) in young Latin American children: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.PLoS medicine · 2014Trial
- The Role of Pneumococcal and Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Preventing Otolaryngological Diseases: Implications for Pediatric Practice.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Role and Safety of Aluminum Adjuvants in Childhood Vaccines.Pediatrics · 2026Review
- Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α exacerbates immune injury induced by influenza A virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines reduce myringotomy with tympanostomy tube insertion in young children in Japan.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2022Article
- The effect of generic market entry on antibiotic prescriptions in the United States.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Otitis Media and Obesity-An Unusual Relationship in Children.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- TLR4 regulates ROS and autophagy to control neutrophil extracellular traps formation against Streptococcus pneumoniae in acute otitis media.Pediatric research · 2021Article
- The effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on otitis media from 2005 to 2013 in children aged ≤5 years: a retrospective cohort study in two Swedish regions.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- From Evidence to Clinical Guidelines in Antibiotic Treatment in Acute Otitis Media in Children.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Article
- Increase in tympanostomy tube placements despite pneumococcal vaccination, a population-based study.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2019Observational
- Impact of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on antimicrobial prescriptions in young children: a whole population study.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Observational
- Pneumococcal Phenotype and Interaction with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae as Determinants of Otitis Media Progression.Infection and immunity · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acute otitis media (AOM) is a leading cause of visits to physicians and of antibiotic prescriptions for young children. We systematically reviewed studies on all-cause AOM episodes and physician visits in which impact was attributed to pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, either as efficacy or effectiveness. Of 18 relevant publications found, most used the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vCRM). The efficacy of 7vCRM against all-cause AOM episodes or visits was 0%-9% in randomized trials and 17%-23% in nonrandomized trials. In observational database studies, physician visits for AOM were already declining in the 3-5 years before 7vCRM introduction (mean change, -15%; range, +14% to -24%) and continued to decline afterward (mean, -19%; range, +7% to -48%). This vaccine provides some protection against OM, but other factors have also contributed to the recent decline in OM incidence. Future effectiveness studies should thus use better-controlled methods to estimate the true impact of vaccination on AOM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.